@article{071c3db979244597855b983eb3880f35,
title = "Antigenic cartography using sera from sequence-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern infections reveals antigenic divergence of Omicron",
abstract = "Large-scale vaccination campaigns have prevented countless hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that escape from immunity challenges the effectiveness of current vaccines. Given this continuing evolution, an important question is when and how to update SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to antigenically match circulating variants, similarly to seasonal influenza viruses where antigenic drift necessitates periodic vaccine updates. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift by assessing neutralizing activity against variants of concern (VOCs) in a set of sera from patients infected with viral sequence-confirmed VOCs. Infections with D614G or Alpha strains induced the broadest immunity, whereas individuals infected with other VOCs had more strain-specific responses. Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were substantially resistant to neutralization by sera elicited by all other variants. Antigenic cartography revealed that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were antigenically most distinct from D614G, associated with immune escape, and possibly will require vaccine updates to ensure vaccine effectiveness.",
keywords = "Omicron, SARS-CoV-2, VOCs, antibodies, antigenic cartography, convalescent, neutralization, vaccination, variants of concern",
author = "{van der Straten}, Karlijn and Denise Guerra and {van Gils}, {Marit J.} and Ilja Bontjer and Caniels, {Tom G.} and {van Willigen}, {Hugo D. G.} and Elke Wynberg and Meliawati Poniman and Burger, {Judith A.} and Bouhuijs, {Joey H.} and {van Rijswijk}, Jacqueline and Wouter Olijhoek and Liesdek, {Marinus H.} and Lavell, {A. H. Ayesha} and Brent Appelman and Sikkens, {Jonne J.} and Bomers, {Marije K.} and Han, {Alvin X.} and Nichols, {Brooke E.} and Maria Prins and Harry Vennema and Chantal Reusken and {de Jong}, {Menno D.} and {de Bree}, {Godelieve J.} and Russell, {Colin A.} and Dirk Eggink and Sanders, {Rogier W.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank all public health services (GGD) in the Netherlands for their help in contacting participants. We are also thankful to the study personnel and the participants of the COSCA, RECoVERED and the S3-study for their contribution to this research. Funding: R.W.S. and C.A.R. are recipients of Vici grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO no. 91818627 to R.W.S, no. 09150182010027 to C.A.R.). C.A.R. and A.X.H. are also supported by an ERC Consolidator Award no. 818353. This work was supported by the NWO ZonMw (grant agreement no. 10150062010002 to M.D.d.J. and no. 10430072110003 to G.J.d.B.) and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam Research & Development grant no. 21-14 to M. Prins (RECoVERED). J.J.S. and M.K.B. are recipients of the NWO grant agreement nos. 10430022010023 and 10430022010030 , respectively. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
day = "13",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.018",
language = "English",
volume = "55",
pages = "1725--1731.e4",
journal = "Immunity",
issn = "1074-7613",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "9",
}