TY - JOUR
T1 - Hycheed system for maintaining stable temperature control during preclinical irreversible electroporation experiments at clinically relevant temperature and pulse settings
AU - Agnass, Pierre
AU - Rodermond, Hans M.
AU - Zweije, Remko
AU - Sijbrands, Jan
AU - Vogel, Jantien A.
AU - van Lienden, Krijn P.
AU - van Gulik, Thomas M.
AU - van Veldhuisen, Eran
AU - Franken, Nicolaas A. P.
AU - Oei, Arlene L.
AU - Kok, H. Petra
AU - Besselink, Marc G.
AU - Crezee, Johannes
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - Electric permeabilization of cell membranes is the main mechanism of irreversible electroporation (IRE), an ablation technique for treatment of unresectable cancers, but the pulses also induce a significant temperature increase in the treated volume. To investigate the therapeutically thermal contribution, a preclinical setup is required to apply IRE at desired temperatures while maintaining stable temperatures. This study’s aim was to develop and test an electroporation device capable of maintaining a pre-specified stable and spatially homogeneous temperatures and electric field in a tumor cell suspension for several clinical-IRE-settings. A hydraulically controllable heat exchange electroporation device (HyCHEED) was developed and validated at 37◦ C and 46◦ C. Through plate electrodes, HyCHEED achieved both a homogeneous electric field and homogenous-stable temperatures; IRE heat was removed through hydraulic cooling. IRE was applied to 300 µL of pancreatic carcinoma cell suspension (Mia PaCa-2), after which cell viability and specific conductivity were determined. HyCHEED maintained stable temperatures within ±1.5◦ C with respect to the target temperature for multiple IRE-settings at the selected temperature levels. An increase of cell death and specific conductivity, including post-treatment, was found to depend on electric-field strength and temperature. HyCHEED is capable of maintaining stable temperatures during IRE-experiments. This provides an excellent basis to assess the contribution of thermal effects to IRE and other bio-electromagnetic techniques.
AB - Electric permeabilization of cell membranes is the main mechanism of irreversible electroporation (IRE), an ablation technique for treatment of unresectable cancers, but the pulses also induce a significant temperature increase in the treated volume. To investigate the therapeutically thermal contribution, a preclinical setup is required to apply IRE at desired temperatures while maintaining stable temperatures. This study’s aim was to develop and test an electroporation device capable of maintaining a pre-specified stable and spatially homogeneous temperatures and electric field in a tumor cell suspension for several clinical-IRE-settings. A hydraulically controllable heat exchange electroporation device (HyCHEED) was developed and validated at 37◦ C and 46◦ C. Through plate electrodes, HyCHEED achieved both a homogeneous electric field and homogenous-stable temperatures; IRE heat was removed through hydraulic cooling. IRE was applied to 300 µL of pancreatic carcinoma cell suspension (Mia PaCa-2), after which cell viability and specific conductivity were determined. HyCHEED maintained stable temperatures within ±1.5◦ C with respect to the target temperature for multiple IRE-settings at the selected temperature levels. An increase of cell death and specific conductivity, including post-treatment, was found to depend on electric-field strength and temperature. HyCHEED is capable of maintaining stable temperatures during IRE-experiments. This provides an excellent basis to assess the contribution of thermal effects to IRE and other bio-electromagnetic techniques.
KW - Cooling-system
KW - Electromagnetics
KW - Electroporation
KW - Heating-system
KW - Hydraulic-control-system
KW - Hyperthermia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85094809419&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216227
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216227
M3 - Article
C2 - 33142821
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 20
SP - 1
EP - 24
JO - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JF - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
IS - 21
M1 - 6227
ER -