Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study

Jody C. Hoenink; Yuru Huang; Matthew Keeble; Joreintje D. Mackenbach; Maria G. M. Pinho; Thomas Burgoine; Jean Adams

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103135

Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study

Jody C. Hoenink, Yuru Huang, Matthew Keeble, Joreintje D. Mackenbach, Maria G. M. Pinho, Thomas Burgoine, Jean Adams

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

This area-level cross-sectional study examined online food outlet availability through the most popular online food delivery service platforms (OFDS) across seven European countries, and explored how this online food outlet availability was socioeconomically distributed. Data collection of online food outlet availability was automated in England, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. We used a geographic information system to join online food outlet availability to socio-demographic information. Median number of food outlets delivering through OFDS was highest in England and lowest in Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also found that high-income areas have the greatest online food outlet availability in most countries. In England, areas with a middle income had the least online food outlets available and no income data was available for Switzerland. Further work is needed to understand drivers of disparities in online food outlet availability, as well as possible implications for public health.

Original language	English
Article number	103135
Journal	Health and Place
Volume	84
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103135
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2023

Keywords

Fast food
Food environment
Food outlet access
Food outlet exposure
GIS
Public health
SEP

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title = "Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study",

abstract = "This area-level cross-sectional study examined online food outlet availability through the most popular online food delivery service platforms (OFDS) across seven European countries, and explored how this online food outlet availability was socioeconomically distributed. Data collection of online food outlet availability was automated in England, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. We used a geographic information system to join online food outlet availability to socio-demographic information. Median number of food outlets delivering through OFDS was highest in England and lowest in Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also found that high-income areas have the greatest online food outlet availability in most countries. In England, areas with a middle income had the least online food outlets available and no income data was available for Switzerland. Further work is needed to understand drivers of disparities in online food outlet availability, as well as possible implications for public health.",

keywords = "Fast food, Food environment, Food outlet access, Food outlet exposure, GIS, Public health, SEP",

author = "Hoenink, {Jody C.} and Yuru Huang and Matthew Keeble and Mackenbach, {Joreintje D.} and Pinho, {Maria G. M.} and Thomas Burgoine and Jean Adams",

note = "Funding Information: JCH, JA and TB are supported by the Medical Research Council (Unit Programme number MC_UU_00006/7 ). YH is supported through a Gates Cambridge Scholarship . MK is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), School for Public Health Research (SPHR), Grant Reference Number PD-SPH-2015 , with additional support from the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge . The funders played no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or the writing of the manuscript. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

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AU - Burgoine, Thomas

AU - Adams, Jean

N1 - Funding Information: JCH, JA and TB are supported by the Medical Research Council (Unit Programme number MC_UU_00006/7 ). YH is supported through a Gates Cambridge Scholarship . MK is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), School for Public Health Research (SPHR), Grant Reference Number PD-SPH-2015 , with additional support from the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge . The funders played no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or the writing of the manuscript. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

PY - 2023/11/1

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N2 - This area-level cross-sectional study examined online food outlet availability through the most popular online food delivery service platforms (OFDS) across seven European countries, and explored how this online food outlet availability was socioeconomically distributed. Data collection of online food outlet availability was automated in England, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. We used a geographic information system to join online food outlet availability to socio-demographic information. Median number of food outlets delivering through OFDS was highest in England and lowest in Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also found that high-income areas have the greatest online food outlet availability in most countries. In England, areas with a middle income had the least online food outlets available and no income data was available for Switzerland. Further work is needed to understand drivers of disparities in online food outlet availability, as well as possible implications for public health.

AB - This area-level cross-sectional study examined online food outlet availability through the most popular online food delivery service platforms (OFDS) across seven European countries, and explored how this online food outlet availability was socioeconomically distributed. Data collection of online food outlet availability was automated in England, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. We used a geographic information system to join online food outlet availability to socio-demographic information. Median number of food outlets delivering through OFDS was highest in England and lowest in Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also found that high-income areas have the greatest online food outlet availability in most countries. In England, areas with a middle income had the least online food outlets available and no income data was available for Switzerland. Further work is needed to understand drivers of disparities in online food outlet availability, as well as possible implications for public health.

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Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study

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Keywords

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