25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations

Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025

25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations

Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background: To improve effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify factors that influence the immune response induced by vaccination. Evidence for the role of vitamin D in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is contradictory. It is therefore of interest whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations affect the humoral and/or cellular response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected from 98 SARS-CoV-2 naive health care workers (HCW) receiving the first two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in 2021. Wild-type spike (S) protein binding and neutralizing antibodies were determined approximately three weeks after the first dose and four to five weeks after the second dose. Antigen specific T-cells and functionality (proliferative response and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] release) were determined in 18 participants four weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We studied the association between 25(OH)D concentrations, which were determined prior to vaccination, and humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination. Results: We found no association between 25(OH)D concentrations (median 55.9 nmol/L [IQR 40.5–69.8]) and binding or neutralizing antibody titers after complete vaccination (fold change of antibody titers per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: 0.98 [95% CI 0.93–1.04] and 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96–1.11], respectively), adjusted for age, sex and type of mRNA vaccine. Subsequently, continuous 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into commonly used clinical categories (<25 nmol/L [n = 6, 6%], 25–49 nmol/L [n = 33, 34%], 50–75 nmol/L [n = 37, 38%] and ≥75 nmol/L [n = 22, 22%]), but no association with the humoral immune response following vaccination was found. Also, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. Conclusion: No association was found between 25(OH)D concentrations and the humoral or cellular immune response following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings there is no rationale to advise vitamin D optimization preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HCW with moderate vitamin D status.

Original language	English
Journal	Vaccine
Early online date	2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 2023

Keywords

25(OH)D
Antibody
BNT162b2
COVID-19
Neutralization
SARS-CoV-2
Vitamin D
mRNA vaccine
mRNA-1273

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025

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@article{2fba1eacc9f248e98d1282ac3244585e,

title = "25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations",

abstract = "Background: To improve effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify factors that influence the immune response induced by vaccination. Evidence for the role of vitamin D in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is contradictory. It is therefore of interest whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations affect the humoral and/or cellular response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected from 98 SARS-CoV-2 naive health care workers (HCW) receiving the first two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in 2021. Wild-type spike (S) protein binding and neutralizing antibodies were determined approximately three weeks after the first dose and four to five weeks after the second dose. Antigen specific T-cells and functionality (proliferative response and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] release) were determined in 18 participants four weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We studied the association between 25(OH)D concentrations, which were determined prior to vaccination, and humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination. Results: We found no association between 25(OH)D concentrations (median 55.9 nmol/L [IQR 40.5–69.8]) and binding or neutralizing antibody titers after complete vaccination (fold change of antibody titers per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: 0.98 [95% CI 0.93–1.04] and 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96–1.11], respectively), adjusted for age, sex and type of mRNA vaccine. Subsequently, continuous 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into commonly used clinical categories (<25 nmol/L [n = 6, 6%], 25–49 nmol/L [n = 33, 34%], 50–75 nmol/L [n = 37, 38%] and ≥75 nmol/L [n = 22, 22%]), but no association with the humoral immune response following vaccination was found. Also, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. Conclusion: No association was found between 25(OH)D concentrations and the humoral or cellular immune response following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings there is no rationale to advise vitamin D optimization preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HCW with moderate vitamin D status.",

keywords = "25(OH)D, Antibody, BNT162b2, COVID-19, Neutralization, SARS-CoV-2, Vitamin D, mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1273",

author = "Lavell, {A. H. A.} and Schramade, {A. E.} and Sikkens, {J. J.} and {van der Straten}, K. and {van Dort}, {K. A.} and Slim, {M. A.} and B. Appelman and {van Vught}, {L. A.} and Brent Appelman and {Beek van de}, Diederik and Bomers, {Marije K.} and {Brabander de}, Justin and Brouwer, {Matthijs C.} and Buis, {David T. P.} and Nora Chekrouni and {Gils van}, {Marit J.} and {Jong de}, {Menno D.} and Lavell, {Ayesha H. A.} and {Mourik van}, Niels and Olie, {Sabine E.} and Peters, {Edgar J. G.} and Reijnders, {Tom D. Y.} and Michiel Schinkel and Schuurman, {Alex R.} and Sikkens, {Jonne J.} and Slim, {Marleen A.} and {Straten van der}, Karlijn and Smulders, {Yvo M.} and Vlaar, {Alexander P. J.} and {Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group} and {Vught van}, {Lonneke A.} and Wiersinga, {W. Joost} and Vlaar, {A. P. J.} and Kootstra, {N. A.} and {van Gils}, {M. J.} and Smulders, {Y. M.} and {de Jongh}, {R. T.} and Bomers, {M. K.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw (S3 study, grant agreement no. 10430022010023 to M.K.B.). The funding source was not involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, nor in writing the report and decision to submit the article for publication. Funding Information: We thank all participating health care workers of Amsterdam UMC for their contribution. They took time to facilitate this study in the midst of the pandemic. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

year = "2023",

doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025",

language = "English",

journal = "Vaccine",

issn = "0264-410X",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations

AU - Lavell, A. H. A.

AU - Schramade, A. E.

AU - Sikkens, J. J.

AU - van der Straten, K.

AU - van Dort, K. A.

AU - Slim, M. A.

AU - Appelman, B.

AU - van Vught, L. A.

AU - Appelman, Brent

AU - Beek van de, Diederik

AU - Bomers, Marije K.

AU - Brabander de, Justin

AU - Brouwer, Matthijs C.

AU - Buis, David T. P.

AU - Chekrouni, Nora

AU - Gils van, Marit J.

AU - Jong de, Menno D.

AU - Lavell, Ayesha H. A.

AU - Mourik van, Niels

AU - Olie, Sabine E.

AU - Peters, Edgar J. G.

AU - Reijnders, Tom D. Y.

AU - Schinkel, Michiel

AU - Schuurman, Alex R.

AU - Sikkens, Jonne J.

AU - Slim, Marleen A.

AU - Straten van der, Karlijn

AU - Smulders, Yvo M.

AU - Vlaar, Alexander P. J.

AU - Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group

AU - Vught van, Lonneke A.

AU - Wiersinga, W. Joost

AU - Vlaar, A. P. J.

AU - Kootstra, N. A.

AU - van Gils, M. J.

AU - Smulders, Y. M.

AU - de Jongh, R. T.

AU - Bomers, M. K.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw (S3 study, grant agreement no. 10430022010023 to M.K.B.). The funding source was not involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, nor in writing the report and decision to submit the article for publication. Funding Information: We thank all participating health care workers of Amsterdam UMC for their contribution. They took time to facilitate this study in the midst of the pandemic. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Background: To improve effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify factors that influence the immune response induced by vaccination. Evidence for the role of vitamin D in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is contradictory. It is therefore of interest whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations affect the humoral and/or cellular response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected from 98 SARS-CoV-2 naive health care workers (HCW) receiving the first two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in 2021. Wild-type spike (S) protein binding and neutralizing antibodies were determined approximately three weeks after the first dose and four to five weeks after the second dose. Antigen specific T-cells and functionality (proliferative response and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] release) were determined in 18 participants four weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We studied the association between 25(OH)D concentrations, which were determined prior to vaccination, and humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination. Results: We found no association between 25(OH)D concentrations (median 55.9 nmol/L [IQR 40.5–69.8]) and binding or neutralizing antibody titers after complete vaccination (fold change of antibody titers per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: 0.98 [95% CI 0.93–1.04] and 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96–1.11], respectively), adjusted for age, sex and type of mRNA vaccine. Subsequently, continuous 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into commonly used clinical categories (<25 nmol/L [n = 6, 6%], 25–49 nmol/L [n = 33, 34%], 50–75 nmol/L [n = 37, 38%] and ≥75 nmol/L [n = 22, 22%]), but no association with the humoral immune response following vaccination was found. Also, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. Conclusion: No association was found between 25(OH)D concentrations and the humoral or cellular immune response following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings there is no rationale to advise vitamin D optimization preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HCW with moderate vitamin D status.

AB - Background: To improve effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify factors that influence the immune response induced by vaccination. Evidence for the role of vitamin D in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is contradictory. It is therefore of interest whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations affect the humoral and/or cellular response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected from 98 SARS-CoV-2 naive health care workers (HCW) receiving the first two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in 2021. Wild-type spike (S) protein binding and neutralizing antibodies were determined approximately three weeks after the first dose and four to five weeks after the second dose. Antigen specific T-cells and functionality (proliferative response and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] release) were determined in 18 participants four weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We studied the association between 25(OH)D concentrations, which were determined prior to vaccination, and humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination. Results: We found no association between 25(OH)D concentrations (median 55.9 nmol/L [IQR 40.5–69.8]) and binding or neutralizing antibody titers after complete vaccination (fold change of antibody titers per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: 0.98 [95% CI 0.93–1.04] and 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96–1.11], respectively), adjusted for age, sex and type of mRNA vaccine. Subsequently, continuous 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into commonly used clinical categories (<25 nmol/L [n = 6, 6%], 25–49 nmol/L [n = 33, 34%], 50–75 nmol/L [n = 37, 38%] and ≥75 nmol/L [n = 22, 22%]), but no association with the humoral immune response following vaccination was found. Also, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. Conclusion: No association was found between 25(OH)D concentrations and the humoral or cellular immune response following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings there is no rationale to advise vitamin D optimization preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HCW with moderate vitamin D status.

KW - 25(OH)D

KW - Antibody

KW - BNT162b2

KW - COVID-19

KW - Neutralization

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Vitamin D

KW - mRNA vaccine

KW - mRNA-1273

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173845863&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025

DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025

M3 - Article

C2 - 37775466

SN - 0264-410X

JO - Vaccine

JF - Vaccine

ER -

25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations

Abstract

Keywords

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