TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence of leaky protection following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in an incarcerated population
AU - Lind, Margaret L.
AU - Dorion, Murilo
AU - Houde, Amy J.
AU - Lansing, Mary
AU - Lapidus, Sarah
AU - Thomas, Russell
AU - Yildirim, Inci
AU - Omer, Saad B.
AU - Schulz, Wade L.
AU - Andrews, Jason R.
AU - Hitchings, Matt D. T.
AU - Kennedy, Byron S.
AU - Richeson, Robert P.
AU - Cummings, Derek A. T.
AU - Ko, Albert I.
N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to the individuals who provided the information for the analyses and thank the staff of the Connecticut Department of Corrections for their efforts in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in collecting data for the study. We also thank Ryan Borg and Dava Flowers-Poole for their assistance in the coordination of the study. This work was supported by a contract from the Connecticut Department of Public Health (Emerging Infections Program 2021-0071 to A.I.K.), the Raj and Indra Nooyi Professorship (to A.I.K.), the Sendas Family Fund (to A.I.K.), the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI174105 to A.I.K. and 1K99AI177945-01 to M.L.L.) and the Merck Investigator Studies Program (to W.L.S. and A.I.K.). The funders did not have a role in the design or implementation of the study nor the decision to publish the study. The study and its findings are the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Connecticut Department of Correction. Funding Information: We are grateful to the individuals who provided the information for the analyses and thank the staff of the Connecticut Department of Corrections for their efforts in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in collecting data for the study. We also thank Ryan Borg and Dava Flowers-Poole for their assistance in the coordination of the study. This work was supported by a contract from the Connecticut Department of Public Health (Emerging Infections Program 2021-0071 to A.I.K.), the Raj and Indra Nooyi Professorship (to A.I.K.), the Sendas Family Fund (to A.I.K.), the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI174105 to A.I.K. and 1K99AI177945-01 to M.L.L.) and the Merck Investigator Studies Program (to W.L.S. and A.I.K.). The funders did not have a role in the design or implementation of the study nor the decision to publish the study. The study and its findings are the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Connecticut Department of Correction. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2023/12/1
Y1 - 2023/12/1
N2 - Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines confer exposure-dependent (“leaky”) protection against infection remains unknown. We examined the effect of prior infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity on infection risk among residents of Connecticut correctional facilities during periods of predominant Omicron and Delta transmission. Residents with cell, cellblock, and no documented exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected residents were matched by facility and date. During the Omicron period, prior infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity reduced the infection risk of residents without a documented exposure (HR: 0.36 [0.25–0.54]; 0.57 [0.42–0.78]; 0.24 [0.15–0.39]; respectively) and with cellblock exposures (0.61 [0.49–0.75]; 0.69 [0.58–0.83]; 0.41 [0.31–0.55]; respectively) but not with cell exposures (0.89 [0.58–1.35]; 0.96 [0.64–1.46]; 0.80 [0.46–1.39]; respectively). Associations were similar during the Delta period and when analyses were restricted to tested residents. Although associations may not have been thoroughly adjusted due to dataset limitations, the findings suggest that prior infection and vaccination may be leaky, highlighting the potential benefits of pairing vaccination with non-pharmaceutical interventions in crowded settings.
AB - Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines confer exposure-dependent (“leaky”) protection against infection remains unknown. We examined the effect of prior infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity on infection risk among residents of Connecticut correctional facilities during periods of predominant Omicron and Delta transmission. Residents with cell, cellblock, and no documented exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected residents were matched by facility and date. During the Omicron period, prior infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity reduced the infection risk of residents without a documented exposure (HR: 0.36 [0.25–0.54]; 0.57 [0.42–0.78]; 0.24 [0.15–0.39]; respectively) and with cellblock exposures (0.61 [0.49–0.75]; 0.69 [0.58–0.83]; 0.41 [0.31–0.55]; respectively) but not with cell exposures (0.89 [0.58–1.35]; 0.96 [0.64–1.46]; 0.80 [0.46–1.39]; respectively). Associations were similar during the Delta period and when analyses were restricted to tested residents. Although associations may not have been thoroughly adjusted due to dataset limitations, the findings suggest that prior infection and vaccination may be leaky, highlighting the potential benefits of pairing vaccination with non-pharmaceutical interventions in crowded settings.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168373453&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40750-8
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40750-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 37598213
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 14
JO - Nature communications
JF - Nature communications
IS - 1
M1 - 5055
ER -