TY - JOUR
T1 - A Crucial Role for Diet in the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Disease
AU - Attaye, Ilias
AU - Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan
AU - Herrema, Hilde
AU - Nieuwdorp, Max
PY - 2020/1/27
Y1 - 2020/1/27
N2 - Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been shown to considerably alter gut microbiota composition and function. Moreover, several diet-derived microbial metabolites are able to modulate human metabolism and thereby alter CMD risk. Dietary interventions that affect gut microbiota composition and function are therefore a promising, novel, and cost-efficient method to reduce CMD risk. Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and function, whereas high animal protein and high fat intake negatively impact gut microbiota function and composition. This review focuses on the role of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and dietary patterns (e.g., vegetarian/vegan and Mediterranean diet) in gut microbiota composition and function in the context of CMD.
AB - Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been shown to considerably alter gut microbiota composition and function. Moreover, several diet-derived microbial metabolites are able to modulate human metabolism and thereby alter CMD risk. Dietary interventions that affect gut microbiota composition and function are therefore a promising, novel, and cost-efficient method to reduce CMD risk. Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and function, whereas high animal protein and high fat intake negatively impact gut microbiota function and composition. This review focuses on the role of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and dietary patterns (e.g., vegetarian/vegan and Mediterranean diet) in gut microbiota composition and function in the context of CMD.
KW - cardiometabolic disease
KW - diet
KW - dietary pattern
KW - gut microbiota
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076868349&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-062218-023720
DO - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-062218-023720
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31479620
SN - 0066-4219
VL - 71
SP - 149
EP - 161
JO - Annual review of medicine
JF - Annual review of medicine
ER -