@article{76628738da3f4cc7845e43f184275e6c,
title = "A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM) of interventions",
abstract = "OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM), a new tool for assessing clinical diversity between trials in meta-analyses of interventions.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The development of CDIM was based on consensus work informed by empirical literature and expertise. We drafted the CDIM tool, refined it, and validated CDIM for interrater scale reliability and agreement in three groups.RESULTS: CDIM measures clinical diversity on a scale that includes four domains with 11 items overall: setting (time of conduct/country development status/units type); population (age, sex, patient inclusion criteria/baseline disease severity, comorbidities); interventions (intervention intensity/strength/duration of intervention, timing, control intervention, cointerventions); and outcome (definition of outcome, timing of outcome assessment). The CDIM is completed in two steps: first two authors independently assess clinical diversity in the four domains. Second, after agreeing upon scores of individual items a consensus score is achieved. Interrater scale reliability and agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the type of raters.CONCLUSION: CDIM is the first tool developed for assessing clinical diversity in meta-analyses of interventions. We found CDIM to be a reliable tool for assessing clinical diversity among trials in meta-analysis.",
keywords = "Bias, Diversity, Evidence, Heterogeneity, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Meta-analysis, Quality, Reproducibility of Results, Research Design/statistics & numerical data, Systematic review, Tool",
author = "Marija Barbateskovic and Koster, {Thijs M} and Eck, {Ruben J} and Mathias Maagaard and Arash Afshari and Fredrike Blokzijl and Maria Cronhjort and Willem Dieperink and Fabritius, {Maria L} and Josh Feinberg and Craig French and Barzi Gareb and Anja Geisler and Anders Granholm and Bart Hiemstra and Ruixue Hu and Georgina Imberger and Jensen, {Bente T} and Jonsson, {Andreas B} and Oliver Karam and Kong, {De Zhao} and Korang, {Steven K} and Geert Koster and Baoyong Lai and Ning Liang and Lundstr{\o}m, {Lars H} and S{\o}ren Marker and Meyhoff, {Tine S} and Nielsen, {Emil E} and N{\o}rskov, {Anders K} and Munch, {Marie W} and Risom, {Emilie C} and Ryg{\aa}rd, {Sofie L} and Sanam Safi and Naqash Sethi and Fredrik Sj{\"o}vall and Lauridsen, {Susanne V} and {van Bakelen}, Nico and Meint Volbeda and {van der Horst}, {Iwan C C} and Christian Gluud and Anders Perner and M{\o}ller, {Morten H} and Eric Keus and J{\o}rn Wetterslev",
note = "Funding Information: Conflict of interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: MB and JW report grants from Innovation Fund Denmark during the conduct of the study. TSM reports grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation and grants from Sofus Friis Foundation outside the submitted work. AP reports two grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation related to intensive care research. The authors report no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Funding Information: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. MB's and JW's contribution to this work, was supported by Innovation Fund Denmark [grant number 4108-00011B ]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.01.023",
language = "English",
volume = "135",
pages = "29--41",
journal = "J Clin Epidemiol",
issn = "1878-5921",
publisher = "Elsevier USA",
}