TY - JOUR
T1 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Dietary Interventions Modulating Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Diseases—Striving for New Standards in Microbiome Studies
AU - Attaye, Ilias
AU - Warmbrunn, Moritz V.
AU - Boot, Aureline N. A. F.
AU - van der Wolk, Suze C.
AU - Hutten, Barbara A.
AU - Daams, Joost G.
AU - Herrema, Hilde
AU - Nieuwdorp, Max
N1 - Funding Information: Funding Moritz V. Warmbrunn is supported by a Netherlands CardioVascular Research Committee (CVON) IN-CONTROL-II grant (2018-27). Ilias Attaye is supported by a Joint Programming Initiative a Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life (JPI HDHL) MICRODIET grant (5290510105). Max Nieuwdorp is supported by a ZonMw Vici grant 2020[09150182010020] and a Le Ducq consortium grant 17CVD01. Hilde Herrema is supported by a Senior Fellowship of the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (2019.82.004). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Background & Aims: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have shared properties and causes. Insulin resistance is a risk factor and characteristic of CMDs and has been suggested to be modulated by plasma metabolites derived from gut microbiota (GM). Because diet is among the most important modulators of GM, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess whether CMDs can be modulated via dietary interventions targeting the GM. Methods: A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and patterns of intervention effects. A meta-analysis with random effects models was used to evaluate the effect of dietary interventions on clinical outcomes. Results: Our search yielded 4444 unique articles, from which 15 randomized controlled trials and 6 nonrandomized clinical trials were included. The overall risk of bias was high in all studies. In general, most dietary interventions changed the GM composition, but no consistent effect could be found. Results of the meta-analyses showed that only diastolic blood pressure is decreased across interventions compared with controls (mean difference: −3.63 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −7.09 to −0.17; I2 = 0%, P = .04) and that a high-fiber diet was associated with reduced triglyceride levels (mean difference: −0.69 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, −1.36 to −0.02; I2 = 59%, P = .04). Other CMD parameters were not affected. Conclusions: Dietary interventions modulate GM composition, blood pressure, and circulating triglycerides. However, current studies have a high methodological heterogeneity and risk of bias. Well-designed and controlled studies are thus necessary to better understand the complex interaction between diet, microbiome, and CMDs. PROSPERO: CRD42020188405
AB - Background & Aims: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have shared properties and causes. Insulin resistance is a risk factor and characteristic of CMDs and has been suggested to be modulated by plasma metabolites derived from gut microbiota (GM). Because diet is among the most important modulators of GM, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess whether CMDs can be modulated via dietary interventions targeting the GM. Methods: A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and patterns of intervention effects. A meta-analysis with random effects models was used to evaluate the effect of dietary interventions on clinical outcomes. Results: Our search yielded 4444 unique articles, from which 15 randomized controlled trials and 6 nonrandomized clinical trials were included. The overall risk of bias was high in all studies. In general, most dietary interventions changed the GM composition, but no consistent effect could be found. Results of the meta-analyses showed that only diastolic blood pressure is decreased across interventions compared with controls (mean difference: −3.63 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −7.09 to −0.17; I2 = 0%, P = .04) and that a high-fiber diet was associated with reduced triglyceride levels (mean difference: −0.69 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, −1.36 to −0.02; I2 = 59%, P = .04). Other CMD parameters were not affected. Conclusions: Dietary interventions modulate GM composition, blood pressure, and circulating triglycerides. However, current studies have a high methodological heterogeneity and risk of bias. Well-designed and controlled studies are thus necessary to better understand the complex interaction between diet, microbiome, and CMDs. PROSPERO: CRD42020188405
KW - Cardiometabolic Diseases
KW - Dietary Intervention
KW - Gut Microbiome
KW - Metabolic Syndrome
KW - Type 2 Diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128302792&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 35151697
SN - 0016-5085
VL - 162
SP - 1911
EP - 1932
JO - Gastroenterology
JF - Gastroenterology
IS - 7
ER -