Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Objectives: Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods: Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by Kirby–Bauer method. Results: In total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli isolates showed a high resistance rate to trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin–clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced ß-lactamase suggesting multi-drug resistance against β-lactam as well as non-β-lactam antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: This study showed high resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso.