TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of cognitive performance with clinical staging in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
T2 - a prospective 6-year follow-up study
AU - Berendsen, S.
AU - Nummenin, E.
AU - Schirmbeck, F.
AU - de Haan, L.
AU - van Tricht, M. J.
AU - Amelsvoort, null
AU - Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A.
AU - GROUP investigators
AU - de Haan, Lieuwe
AU - Schirmbeck, Frederike
AU - Simons, Claudia J. P.
N1 - Funding Information: The infrastructure for the GROUP study is funded through the Geestkracht programme of the Dutch Health Research Council (Zon-Mw, grant number 10-000-1001 ), and matching funds from participating pharmaceutical companies ( Lundbeck , AstraZeneca , Eli Lilly , Janssen Cilag ) and universities and mental health care organizations (Amsterdam: Academic Psychiatric Centre of the Academic Medical Center and the mental health institutions: GGZ Ingeest , Arkin , Dijk en Duin , GGZ Rivierduinen , Erasmus Medical Centre , GGZ Noord Holland Noord . Groningen: University Medical Center Groningen and the mental health institutions: Lentis , GGZ Friesland , GGZ Drenthe , Dimenc e, Mediant , GGNet Warnsveld , Yulius Dordrecht and Parnassia psycho-medical center The Hague. Maastricht: Maastricht University Medical Centre and the mental health institutions: GGzE , GGZ Breburg , GGZ Oost-Brabant , Vincent van Gogh voor Geestelijke Gezondheid , Mondriaan , Virenze riagg , Zuyderland GGZ , MET ggz , Universitair Centrum Sint-Jozef Kortenberg , CAPRI University of Antwerp , PC Ziekeren Sint-Truiden , PZ Sancta Maria Sint-Truiden , GGZ Overpelt , OPZ Rekem . Utrecht: University Medical Center Utrecht and the mental health institutions Altrecht , GGZ Centraal and Delta ). Funding Information: The infrastructure for the GROUP study is funded through the Geestkracht programme of the Dutch Health Research Council (Zon-Mw, grant number 10-000-1001), and matching funds from participating pharmaceutical companies (Lundbeck, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag) and universities and mental health care organizations (Amsterdam: Academic Psychiatric Centre of the Academic Medical Center and the mental health institutions: GGZ Ingeest, Arkin, Dijk en Duin, GGZ Rivierduinen, Erasmus Medical Centre, GGZ Noord Holland Noord. Groningen: University Medical Center Groningen and the mental health institutions: Lentis, GGZ Friesland, GGZ Drenthe, Dimence, Mediant, GGNet Warnsveld, Yulius Dordrecht and Parnassia psycho-medical center The Hague. Maastricht: Maastricht University Medical Centre and the mental health institutions: GGzE, GGZ Breburg, GGZ Oost-Brabant, Vincent van Gogh voor Geestelijke Gezondheid, Mondriaan, Virenze riagg, Zuyderland GGZ, MET ggz, Universitair Centrum Sint-Jozef Kortenberg, CAPRI University of Antwerp, PC Ziekeren Sint-Truiden, PZ Sancta Maria Sint-Truiden, GGZ Overpelt, OPZ Rekem. Utrecht: University Medical Center Utrecht and the mental health institutions Altrecht, GGZ Centraal and Delta). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Clinical staging has been developed to capture the large heterogeneity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Including cognitive performance in the staging model may improve its clinical validity. Moreover, cognitive functioning could predict transition across stages. However, current evidence of the association between cognition and clinical staging is inconsistent. Therefore, we aim to assess whether cognitive parameters are associated with clinical stages in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and to identify cognitive markers at baseline that are associated with stage-transition at three and six-year follow-up. Methods: We applied the staging model of Fusar-Poli et al. (2017) in 927 patients with non-affective psychotic disorders, assessed at baseline, and after three and six-year follow-up. Cognitive performance was assessed with a standard test battery. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze associations of cognitive performance with staging and stage-transition at follow-up. Results: Findings showed that higher stages of illness were significantly associated with lower processing speed (F = 3.688, p = 0.025) and deficits in working memory (F = 6.365, p = 0.002) across assessments. No associations between cognitive parameters at baseline and stage-transition at three- and six-year follow-up were found. Conclusion: We conclude that processing speed and working memory were modestly associated with higher stages of illness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, thereby slightly improving its clinical validity. However, associations were small and we found no evidence for predictive validity.
AB - Background: Clinical staging has been developed to capture the large heterogeneity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Including cognitive performance in the staging model may improve its clinical validity. Moreover, cognitive functioning could predict transition across stages. However, current evidence of the association between cognition and clinical staging is inconsistent. Therefore, we aim to assess whether cognitive parameters are associated with clinical stages in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and to identify cognitive markers at baseline that are associated with stage-transition at three and six-year follow-up. Methods: We applied the staging model of Fusar-Poli et al. (2017) in 927 patients with non-affective psychotic disorders, assessed at baseline, and after three and six-year follow-up. Cognitive performance was assessed with a standard test battery. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze associations of cognitive performance with staging and stage-transition at follow-up. Results: Findings showed that higher stages of illness were significantly associated with lower processing speed (F = 3.688, p = 0.025) and deficits in working memory (F = 6.365, p = 0.002) across assessments. No associations between cognitive parameters at baseline and stage-transition at three- and six-year follow-up were found. Conclusion: We conclude that processing speed and working memory were modestly associated with higher stages of illness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, thereby slightly improving its clinical validity. However, associations were small and we found no evidence for predictive validity.
KW - Clinical staging
KW - Cognitive performance
KW - Course of disease
KW - Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121103952&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2021.100232
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2021.100232
M3 - Article
C2 - 35244629
SN - 2215-0013
JO - Schizophrenia Research: Cognition
JF - Schizophrenia Research: Cognition
M1 - 100232
ER -