TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations Between Eczema and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children
AU - Loo, Evelyn Xiu Ling
AU - Ooi, Delicia Shu Qin
AU - Ong, Minyee
AU - Ta, Le Duc Huy
AU - Lau, Hui Xing
AU - Tay, Michelle Jia Yu
AU - Yap, Qai Ven
AU - Chan, Yiong Huak
AU - Tham, Elizabeth Huiwen
AU - Goh, Anne Eng Neo
AU - Van Bever, Hugo
AU - Teoh, Oon Hoe
AU - Eriksson, Johan Gunnar
AU - Chong, Yap Seng
AU - Gluckman, Peter
AU - Yap, Fabian Kok Peng
AU - Karnani, Neerja
AU - Xu, Jia
AU - Tan, Karen Mei Ling
AU - Tan, Kok Hian
AU - Lee, Bee Wah
AU - Kramer, Michael
AU - Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi
AU - Meaney, Michael J
AU - Broekman, Birit F P
N1 - Funding Information: YSC and NK are part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbot Nutrition, Nestle and Danone. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Loo, Ooi, Ong, Ta, Lau, Tay, Yap, Chan, Tham, Goh, Van Bever, Teoh, Eriksson, Chong, Gluckman, Yap, Karnani, Xu, Tan, Tan, Lee, Kramer, Shek, Meaney and Broekman.
PY - 2022/3/30
Y1 - 2022/3/30
N2 - Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a link between eczema and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but underlying mechanisms have not been examined.Objective: We aim to investigate the association between eczema and subsequent ADHD symptoms in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort and explore the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome.Methods: The modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV were administered to assess reported eczema within the first 18 months and presence of ADHD symptoms at 54 months, respectively. Skin prick testing at 18 months, cytokines in maternal blood during pregnancy and cord blood and the mediating role of the gut microbiome at 24 months were assessed.Results: After adjusting for confounders, eczema with or without a positive skin prick test was associated with doubling the risk of ADHD symptoms. No differences in maternal and cord blood cytokines were observed in children with and without eczema, or children with and without ADHD. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed in children with eczema and children with ADHD. Children with eczema also had lower gut bacterial Shannon diversity. However, the relationship between eczema and ADHD was not mediated by gut microbiome.Conclusion: Early life eczema diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of subsequent ADHD symptoms in children. We found no evidence for underlying inflammatory mechanism or mediation by gut microbiome dysbiosis. Further research should evaluate other mechanisms underlying the link between eczema and ADHD.Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875], identifier [NCT01174875].
AB - Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a link between eczema and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but underlying mechanisms have not been examined.Objective: We aim to investigate the association between eczema and subsequent ADHD symptoms in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort and explore the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome.Methods: The modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV were administered to assess reported eczema within the first 18 months and presence of ADHD symptoms at 54 months, respectively. Skin prick testing at 18 months, cytokines in maternal blood during pregnancy and cord blood and the mediating role of the gut microbiome at 24 months were assessed.Results: After adjusting for confounders, eczema with or without a positive skin prick test was associated with doubling the risk of ADHD symptoms. No differences in maternal and cord blood cytokines were observed in children with and without eczema, or children with and without ADHD. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed in children with eczema and children with ADHD. Children with eczema also had lower gut bacterial Shannon diversity. However, the relationship between eczema and ADHD was not mediated by gut microbiome.Conclusion: Early life eczema diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of subsequent ADHD symptoms in children. We found no evidence for underlying inflammatory mechanism or mediation by gut microbiome dysbiosis. Further research should evaluate other mechanisms underlying the link between eczema and ADHD.Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875], identifier [NCT01174875].
KW - atopy
KW - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
KW - cytokines
KW - eczema
KW - gut microbiome dysbiosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128453433&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.837741
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.837741
M3 - Article
C2 - 35433544
SN - 2296-2360
VL - 10
SP - 837741
JO - Frontiers in pediatrics
JF - Frontiers in pediatrics
M1 - 837741
ER -