TY - JOUR
T1 - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Motor Timing in Adolescents and Their Parents: Familial Characteristics of Reaction Time Variability Vary With Age
AU - Thissen, Andrieke J. A. M.
AU - Luman, Marjolein
AU - Hartman, Catharina
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter
AU - van Lieshout, Marloes
AU - Franke, Barbara
AU - Oosterlaan, Jaap
AU - Rommelse, Nanda N. J.
AU - Buitelaar, Jan K.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Objective: There is consistent evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is strongly related to impaired motor timing as reflected in decreased accuracy and increased reaction time variability (RTV). It is not known whether motor timing impairments are present in adolescents and adults with ADHD and their unaffected relatives to the same extent as has been reported in children, and whether ADHD and motor timing share familial underpinnings, as reflected in parent offspring co-segregation and sibling cross-correlations. Method: A total of 589 parents and 808 children/adolescents from families with ADHD and control families (parent/offspring average age: 48.6/17.3 years) were included. All participants were thoroughly assessed for ADHD and performed a 40-trial motor timing task (1-second interval production). Dependent neurocognitive measures included RT median (RTM: representing accuracy), RTV and ex-Gaussian component tau (tau: representing infrequent long response times). Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses. Results: Unaffected children from families with ADHD had RTV (but not RTM or tau) scores in between those of affected and control children. However, during middle-to-late adolescence, unaffected offspring were not impaired compared to control offspring and differed from ADHD probands, whereas during late adolescence/early adulthood, all offspring groups performed equally. Affected and unaffected parents of families with ADHD showed increased RTV compared to controls, regardless of age (not significant after adjusting for IQ). There were indications for shared familiality between RTV and ADHD as reflected by sibling cross-correlations and between RTM and ADHD as reflected by sibling cross-correlations and a maternal parent offspring relation (parent-of-origin effect). Conclusions: RTV and its familial characteristics are influenced by development during adolescence. Increased RTV in children with ADHD appears to reflect immaturities in their neurocognitive functioning. Maternal ADHD effects might be involved in transmission of RIM (not RTV), but overall RTM showed less compelling (familial) relationships with ADHD than RTV
AB - Objective: There is consistent evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is strongly related to impaired motor timing as reflected in decreased accuracy and increased reaction time variability (RTV). It is not known whether motor timing impairments are present in adolescents and adults with ADHD and their unaffected relatives to the same extent as has been reported in children, and whether ADHD and motor timing share familial underpinnings, as reflected in parent offspring co-segregation and sibling cross-correlations. Method: A total of 589 parents and 808 children/adolescents from families with ADHD and control families (parent/offspring average age: 48.6/17.3 years) were included. All participants were thoroughly assessed for ADHD and performed a 40-trial motor timing task (1-second interval production). Dependent neurocognitive measures included RT median (RTM: representing accuracy), RTV and ex-Gaussian component tau (tau: representing infrequent long response times). Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses. Results: Unaffected children from families with ADHD had RTV (but not RTM or tau) scores in between those of affected and control children. However, during middle-to-late adolescence, unaffected offspring were not impaired compared to control offspring and differed from ADHD probands, whereas during late adolescence/early adulthood, all offspring groups performed equally. Affected and unaffected parents of families with ADHD showed increased RTV compared to controls, regardless of age (not significant after adjusting for IQ). There were indications for shared familiality between RTV and ADHD as reflected by sibling cross-correlations and between RTM and ADHD as reflected by sibling cross-correlations and a maternal parent offspring relation (parent-of-origin effect). Conclusions: RTV and its familial characteristics are influenced by development during adolescence. Increased RTV in children with ADHD appears to reflect immaturities in their neurocognitive functioning. Maternal ADHD effects might be involved in transmission of RIM (not RTV), but overall RTM showed less compelling (familial) relationships with ADHD than RTV
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.015
M3 - Article
C2 - 25151424
SN - 0890-8567
VL - 53
SP - 1010
EP - 1019
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
IS - 9
ER -