TY - JOUR
T1 - Atypical Outcomes of Nasal and Lip Appearance After Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Judgment by Professionals, Patients, and Laypeople
AU - Tan, Robin A.
AU - Mulder, Frans J.
AU - Schwirtz, Roderic M. F.
AU - Mosmuller, David G. M.
AU - de Vet, Henrica C. W.
AU - Griot, J. Peter W. Don
N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all participants for their time and effort completing the survey for the purpose of this article. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Objective: To gain more insight into the assessment of “atypical” nasal and lip appearance outcomes compared to “typical” appearance outcomes after unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) repair, when judged by professionals, patients with repaired UCLP, and laypeople. Design: An online survey containing 3 series of photographs with various degrees of “typical” and “atypical” nasal and lip appearance outcomes after UCLP repair was sent to 30 professionals, 30 patients with repaired UCLP, and 50 laypeople in 2 countries. Participants were instructed to rank the photographs from excellent to poor based on overall appearance. Mean rank positions of photographs were analyzed and differences in mean rank score between “typical” and “atypical” results were assessed using a T-test. Agreement of ranking between the 3 groups was assessed with an analysis of variance analysis. Setting: Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Netherlands and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA. Patients: Photographs of 6- to 18-year-old patients with repaired UCLP. Results: “Atypical” appearance outcomes were ranked significantly less favorably (small nostril: P = 0.00; low vermillion border: P = 0.02; whistling deformity: P = 0.00) compared to “typical” outcomes. Difference between professionals, patients and laypeople in rank positioning the photographs was not statistically significant (P = 0.89). Conclusions: Noses with a smaller nostril and lips containing a whistling deformity were perceived as poorer outcome compared to the “typical” results. Professionals, patients, and laypeople are in agreement when assessing these outcomes.
AB - Objective: To gain more insight into the assessment of “atypical” nasal and lip appearance outcomes compared to “typical” appearance outcomes after unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) repair, when judged by professionals, patients with repaired UCLP, and laypeople. Design: An online survey containing 3 series of photographs with various degrees of “typical” and “atypical” nasal and lip appearance outcomes after UCLP repair was sent to 30 professionals, 30 patients with repaired UCLP, and 50 laypeople in 2 countries. Participants were instructed to rank the photographs from excellent to poor based on overall appearance. Mean rank positions of photographs were analyzed and differences in mean rank score between “typical” and “atypical” results were assessed using a T-test. Agreement of ranking between the 3 groups was assessed with an analysis of variance analysis. Setting: Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Netherlands and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA. Patients: Photographs of 6- to 18-year-old patients with repaired UCLP. Results: “Atypical” appearance outcomes were ranked significantly less favorably (small nostril: P = 0.00; low vermillion border: P = 0.02; whistling deformity: P = 0.00) compared to “typical” outcomes. Difference between professionals, patients and laypeople in rank positioning the photographs was not statistically significant (P = 0.89). Conclusions: Noses with a smaller nostril and lips containing a whistling deformity were perceived as poorer outcome compared to the “typical” results. Professionals, patients, and laypeople are in agreement when assessing these outcomes.
KW - assessment
KW - cleft lip and palate
KW - nasolabial appearance
KW - photographic evaluation
KW - survey
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099701520&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665620982801
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665620982801
M3 - Article
C2 - 33461321
SN - 1055-6656
VL - 58
SP - 1226
EP - 1235
JO - Cleft palate-craniofacial journal
JF - Cleft palate-craniofacial journal
IS - 10
ER -