TY - JOUR
T1 - Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of workplace health promotion programs
T2 - Employers' perceptions
AU - Campmans, Jennifer M. D.
AU - Smit, Denise J. M.
AU - van Oostrom, Sandra H.
AU - Engels, Josephine A.
AU - Proper, Karin I.
N1 - Funding Information: This study was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), grant number 555002007. The funder was not involved in the determination of the study. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Campmans, Smit, van Oostrom, Engels and Proper.
PY - 2023/1/12
Y1 - 2023/1/12
N2 - Background: Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) can benefit the lifestyle and health of employees. However, not all WHPPs have been successful in their implementation, and thus their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing an integrated WHPP, which targets multiple lifestyle factors at different levels (individual and organizational), from an employer's perspective. Methods: Data were collected by two online focus groups among 18 representatives of eight different organizations. Data from the focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Data were coded both inductively and deductively, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) consisting of the following five domains: (1) intervention characteristics, (2) outer setting, (3) inner setting, (4) characteristics of individuals, and (5) process. Ratings were performed to indicate the positive or negative influence and strength of a construct regarding the implementation of WHPPs. Results: Barriers and facilitators in all domains of the CFIR were found. Regarding characteristics of the WHPP, complexity and costs hindered implementation, while high adaptability facilitated it. An organization that met the needs of employees (the outer setting) facilitated implementation. Available resources, access to knowledge, leadership involvement, and continuity of communication were facilitators within the inner setting. Barriers were different approaches to implementation within one organization and the perceived interference with employees' lives. For the implementation process, the involvement of key stakeholders, including employees, was identified as an important facilitator. Conclusion: Various barriers and facilitators in different domains play a role in the implementation of integrated WHPPs, according to employers. Strategies that tackle the identified barriers and incorporate the facilitators will likely contribute to the successful implementation of integrated WHPPs.
AB - Background: Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) can benefit the lifestyle and health of employees. However, not all WHPPs have been successful in their implementation, and thus their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing an integrated WHPP, which targets multiple lifestyle factors at different levels (individual and organizational), from an employer's perspective. Methods: Data were collected by two online focus groups among 18 representatives of eight different organizations. Data from the focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Data were coded both inductively and deductively, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) consisting of the following five domains: (1) intervention characteristics, (2) outer setting, (3) inner setting, (4) characteristics of individuals, and (5) process. Ratings were performed to indicate the positive or negative influence and strength of a construct regarding the implementation of WHPPs. Results: Barriers and facilitators in all domains of the CFIR were found. Regarding characteristics of the WHPP, complexity and costs hindered implementation, while high adaptability facilitated it. An organization that met the needs of employees (the outer setting) facilitated implementation. Available resources, access to knowledge, leadership involvement, and continuity of communication were facilitators within the inner setting. Barriers were different approaches to implementation within one organization and the perceived interference with employees' lives. For the implementation process, the involvement of key stakeholders, including employees, was identified as an important facilitator. Conclusion: Various barriers and facilitators in different domains play a role in the implementation of integrated WHPPs, according to employers. Strategies that tackle the identified barriers and incorporate the facilitators will likely contribute to the successful implementation of integrated WHPPs.
KW - consolidated framework for implementation research
KW - employers' perspectives
KW - implementation
KW - integrated approach
KW - qualitative study
KW - workplace health promotion programs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147061108&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035064
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035064
M3 - Article
C2 - 36711336
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 1035064
ER -