Abstract
Background: Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. Methods: We analysed 2015–2020 MASK-air® European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms (‘VAS Global Symptoms’) and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within 1 year. Results: We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median ‘VAS Global Symptoms’ was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p <.001). Medication use peaked during the spring, with similar patterns across different European regions (defined geographically or by Google Trends). Oral H1-antihistamines were the most common medication in single and co-medication. Each patient reported using an annual average of 2.7 drugs, with 80% reporting two or more. Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis medication patterns are similar across European regions. One third of treatment days involved co-medication. These findings suggest that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms (irrespective of how they understand AR) and that co-medication use is driven by symptom severity.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 2699-2711 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |
Volume | 77 |
Issue number | 9 |
Early online date | 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2022 |
Keywords
- Co-medication
- MASK-air
- allergic rhinitis
- visual analogue scale
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In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 77, No. 9, 09.2022, p. 2699-2711.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Behavioural patterns in allergic rhinitis medication in Europe
T2 - A study using MASK-air® real-world data
AU - Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo
AU - Sá-Sousa, Ana
AU - Vieira, Rafael José
AU - Amaral, Rita
AU - Klimek, Ludger
AU - Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa
AU - Antó, Josep M.
AU - Pfaar, Oliver
AU - Bedbrook, Anna
AU - Kvedariene, Violeta
AU - Ventura, Maria Teresa
AU - Ansotegui, Ignacio J.
AU - Bergmann, Karl-Christian
AU - Brussino, Luisa
AU - Canonica, G. Walter
AU - Cardona, Victoria
AU - Carreiro-Martins, Pedro
AU - Casale, Tomas
AU - Cecchi, Lorenzo
AU - Chivato, Tomás
AU - Chu, Derek K.
AU - Cingi, Cemal
AU - Costa, Elísio M.
AU - Cruz, Alvaro A.
AU - de Feo, Giulia
AU - Devillier, Philippe
AU - Fokkens, Wytske J.
AU - Gaga, Mina
AU - Gemicioğlu, Bilun
AU - Haahtela, Tari
AU - Ivancevich, Juan Carlos
AU - Ispayeva, Zhanat
AU - Jutel, Marek
AU - Kuna, Piotr
AU - Kaidashev, Igor
AU - Kraxner, Helga
AU - Larenas-Linnemann, D. sirée E.
AU - Laune, Daniel
AU - Lipworth, Brian
AU - Louis, Renaud
AU - Makris, Michael
AU - Monti, Riccardo
AU - Morais-Almeida, Mario
AU - Mösges, Ralph
AU - Mullol, Joaquim
AU - Odemyr, Mikaëla
AU - Okamoto, Yoshitaka
AU - Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.
AU - Patella, Vincenzo
AU - Pham-Thi, Nhân
AU - Regateiro, Frederico S.
AU - Reitsma, Sietze
AU - Rouadi, Philip W.
AU - Samolinski, Boleslaw
AU - Sova, Milan
AU - Todo-Bom, Ana
AU - Taborda-Barata, Luis
AU - Tomazic, Peter Valentin
AU - Toppila-Salmi, Sanna
AU - Sastre, Joaquin
AU - Tsiligianni, Ioanna
AU - Valiulis, Arunas
AU - Vandenplas, Olivier
AU - Wallace, Dana
AU - Waserman, Susan
AU - Yorgancioglu, Arzu
AU - Zidarn, Mihaela
AU - Zuberbier, Torsten
AU - Fonseca, João A.
AU - Bousquet, Jean
N1 - Funding Information: This study was funded by ARIA. MASK‐air® has been supported by EU grants (EU Structural and Development grant, POLLAR: EIT Health and Structural and Development Funds) and educational grants from Mylan‐Viatris, ALK, GSK, Novartis and Uriach. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Funding Information: IAnsotegui reports personal fees from Hikma, Roxall, Astra Zeneca, Menarini, UCB, Faes Farma, Sanofi, Mundipharma, Bial, Amgen, Stallergenes, Abbott, BayerJB reports personal fees from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, other from KYomed‐Innov, personal fees from PurinaVC reports personal fees from Allergopharma, GSK, grants from Thermo fisher. AC reports grants and personal fees from GSK, personal fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Boehriger Ingelheim, Eurofarma. TH reports personal fees from GSK, Mundipharma, Orion Pharma and Sanofi. JCI reports personal fees from Laboratorios Casasco, Abbott Ecuador, Sanofi, Bago Bolivia, Eurofarma Argentina. MJ reports personal fees from ALK‐Abello, Allergopharma, Stallergenes, Anergis, Allergy Therapeutics, Leti, HAL, GSK, Novartis, Teva, Takeda, Chiesi. PK reports personal fees from Adamed, AstraZeneca, Berlin Chemie Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lekam, Mylan, Novartis, GSK, Polpharma. VK reports other from Berlin CHemie Menarini, Norameda. DLL reports personal fees from Allakos, Amstrong, Astrazeneca, DBV Technologies, Grunenthal, GSK, Mylan/Viatris, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Siegfried, UCB, Alakos, Gossamer, Carnot, grants from Sanofi, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Circassia, UCB, GSK, Purina institute. RL reports grants from GSK, grants and personal fees from AZ, Novartis, Chiesi. MM reports personal fees from Menarini, Mylan, GSK, Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Chiesi, Sanofi, Pfizer. RM reports personal fees from ALK, allergopharma, Allergy Therapeutics, Friulchem, Hexal, Servier, Klosterfrau, Bayer, FAES, GSK, MSD, Johnson&Johnson, Meda, Stada, UCB, Nuvo, Menarini, Mundipharma, Pohl‐Boskamp, grants from ASIT biotech, Leti, Optima, BitopAG, Hulka, Ursapharm, Inmunotek, grants and personal fees from Bencard, Stallergenes, grants, personal fees and non‐financial support from Lofarma, non‐financial support from Roxall, Atmos, Bionorica, Otonomy, Ferrero, personal fees and non‐financial support from Novartis. JM reports personal fees and other from SANOFI‐GENZYME & REGENERON, NOVARTIS, ALLAKOS, grants and personal fees from MYLAN Pharma, URIACH Group, personal fees from Mitsubishi‐Tanabe, Menarini, UCB, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD. OP reports grants and personal fees from ALK‐Abelló, Allergopharma, g Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding B.V./HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, grants and personal fees from ASIT Biotech Tools S.A., Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, Anergis S.A., GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Astellas Pharma Global, personal fees from EUFOREA, ROXALL Medizin, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis and Sanofi‐Genzyme, Med Update Europe GmbH, streamedup! GmbH, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GA2LEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, John Wiley and Sons, AS, Paul‐Martini‐Stiftung (PMS), Ingress‐Health HWM, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., grants from Pohl‐Boskamp, Inmunotek S.L., Biomay, Circassia. FSR reports speaker and advisory fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi, GSK, Teva and Lusomedicamenta, all outside the submitted work. JS reports grants and personal fees from SANOFI, personal fees from GSK, NOVARTIS, ASTRA ZENECA, MUNDIPHARMA, FAES FARMA. ATB reports grants and personal fees from Novartis, Mundipharma, Teva Pharma, GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), AstraZeneca, grants from Leti, personal fees from Bial. STS reports personal fees from ERT, Roche products, Novartis, Sanofi Pharma, AstraZeneca, ALK‐Abelló, grants from Glaxo Smith Kline, IT reports personal fees from Honoraria for educational activities, speaking engagements, advisory boards from Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Novartis, MSD and grants from GSK Hellas Astra Zeneca and Elpen. DW reports personal fees from ALK, Optinose, and was a primary author on the JTFPP Rhinitis Practice Parameter Update 2020. TZ reports Organizational affiliations: Committee member: WHO‐Initiative ‘Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma’ (ARIA), Member of the Board: German Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), Head: European Centre for Allergy Research Foundation (ECARF), President: Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Member: Committee on Allergy Diagnosis and Molecular Allergology, World Allergy Organization (WAO). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Background: Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. Methods: We analysed 2015–2020 MASK-air® European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms (‘VAS Global Symptoms’) and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within 1 year. Results: We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median ‘VAS Global Symptoms’ was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p <.001). Medication use peaked during the spring, with similar patterns across different European regions (defined geographically or by Google Trends). Oral H1-antihistamines were the most common medication in single and co-medication. Each patient reported using an annual average of 2.7 drugs, with 80% reporting two or more. Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis medication patterns are similar across European regions. One third of treatment days involved co-medication. These findings suggest that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms (irrespective of how they understand AR) and that co-medication use is driven by symptom severity.
AB - Background: Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. Methods: We analysed 2015–2020 MASK-air® European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms (‘VAS Global Symptoms’) and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within 1 year. Results: We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median ‘VAS Global Symptoms’ was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p <.001). Medication use peaked during the spring, with similar patterns across different European regions (defined geographically or by Google Trends). Oral H1-antihistamines were the most common medication in single and co-medication. Each patient reported using an annual average of 2.7 drugs, with 80% reporting two or more. Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis medication patterns are similar across European regions. One third of treatment days involved co-medication. These findings suggest that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms (irrespective of how they understand AR) and that co-medication use is driven by symptom severity.
KW - Co-medication
KW - MASK-air
KW - allergic rhinitis
KW - visual analogue scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126344447&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15275
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15275
M3 - Article
C2 - 35258105
SN - 0105-4538
VL - 77
SP - 2699
EP - 2711
JO - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 9
ER -