TY - JOUR
T1 - Standardized measurement of balance and mobility post-stroke
T2 - Consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable
AU - van Criekinge, Tamaya
AU - Heremans, Charlotte
AU - Burridge, Jane
AU - Deutsch, Judith E.
AU - Hammerbeck, Ulrike
AU - Hollands, Kristen
AU - Karthikbabu, Suruliraj
AU - Mehrholz, Jan
AU - Moore, Jennifer L.
AU - Salbach, Nancy M.
AU - Schröder, Jonas
AU - Veerbeek, Janne M.
AU - Weerdesteyn, Vivian
AU - Borschmann, Karen
AU - Churilov, Leonid
AU - Verheyden, Geert
AU - Kwakkel, Gert
N1 - Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was aided with financial support from Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, NHMRC Center of Research Excellence to Accelerate Stroke Trial Innovation and Translation (GNT2015705), and unrestricted educational grants provided by Ipsen Pharma and Moleac. Funding Information: The third international Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtables are an initiative of the International Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Alliance. The authors acknowledge Drs Hayward and Kwakkel for co-chairing and convening the SRRRIII and Dalton for managing SRRRIII conduct and in-person meeting organization. They thank their Advisory Group members: Dr Martina Betschart, Dr Pierce Boyne, Dr Jaap Buurke, Dr Helen Dawes, Dr Avril Mansfield, Dr Sarah Moore, Dr Darcy Reisman, Dr Eva Swinnen, and Dr Ada Tang. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was aided with financial support from Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, NHMRC Center of Research Excellence to Accelerate Stroke Trial Innovation and Translation (GNT2015705), and unrestricted educational grants provided by Ipsen Pharma and Moleac. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2023.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Background: Mobility is a key priority for stroke survivors. Worldwide consensus of standardized outcome instruments for measuring mobility recovery after stroke is an essential milestone to optimize the quality of stroke rehabilitation and recovery studies and to enable data synthesis across trials. Methods: Using a standardized methodology, which involved convening of 13 worldwide experts in the field of mobility rehabilitation, consensus was established through an a priori defined survey-based approach followed by group discussions. The group agreed on balance- and mobility-related definitions and recommended a core set of outcome measure instruments for lower extremity motor function, balance and mobility, biomechanical metrics, and technologies for measuring quality of movement. Results: Selected measures included the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment lower extremity subscale for motor function, the Trunk Impairment Scale for sitting balance, and the Mini Balance Evaluation System Test (Mini-BESTest) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for standing balance. The group recommended the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC, 0–5) for walking independence, the 10-meter Walk Test (10 mWT) for walking speed, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6 MWT) for walking endurance, and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) for complex walking. An FAC score of less than three should be used to determine the need for an additional standing test (FAC < 3, add BBS to Mini-BESTest) or the feasibility to assess walking (FAC < 3, 10 mWT, 6 MWT, and DGI are “not testable”). In addition, recommendations are given for prioritized kinetic and kinematic metrics to be investigated that measure recovery of movement quality of standing balance and walking, as well as for assessment protocols and preferred equipment to be used. Conclusions: The present recommendations of measures, metrics, technology, and protocols build on previous consensus meetings of the International Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Alliance to guide the research community to improve the validity and comparability between stroke recovery and rehabilitation studies as a prerequisite for building high-quality, standardized “big data” sets. Ultimately, these recommendations could lead to high-quality, participant-specific data sets to aid the progress toward precision medicine in stroke rehabilitation.
AB - Background: Mobility is a key priority for stroke survivors. Worldwide consensus of standardized outcome instruments for measuring mobility recovery after stroke is an essential milestone to optimize the quality of stroke rehabilitation and recovery studies and to enable data synthesis across trials. Methods: Using a standardized methodology, which involved convening of 13 worldwide experts in the field of mobility rehabilitation, consensus was established through an a priori defined survey-based approach followed by group discussions. The group agreed on balance- and mobility-related definitions and recommended a core set of outcome measure instruments for lower extremity motor function, balance and mobility, biomechanical metrics, and technologies for measuring quality of movement. Results: Selected measures included the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment lower extremity subscale for motor function, the Trunk Impairment Scale for sitting balance, and the Mini Balance Evaluation System Test (Mini-BESTest) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for standing balance. The group recommended the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC, 0–5) for walking independence, the 10-meter Walk Test (10 mWT) for walking speed, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6 MWT) for walking endurance, and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) for complex walking. An FAC score of less than three should be used to determine the need for an additional standing test (FAC < 3, add BBS to Mini-BESTest) or the feasibility to assess walking (FAC < 3, 10 mWT, 6 MWT, and DGI are “not testable”). In addition, recommendations are given for prioritized kinetic and kinematic metrics to be investigated that measure recovery of movement quality of standing balance and walking, as well as for assessment protocols and preferred equipment to be used. Conclusions: The present recommendations of measures, metrics, technology, and protocols build on previous consensus meetings of the International Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Alliance to guide the research community to improve the validity and comparability between stroke recovery and rehabilitation studies as a prerequisite for building high-quality, standardized “big data” sets. Ultimately, these recommendations could lead to high-quality, participant-specific data sets to aid the progress toward precision medicine in stroke rehabilitation.
KW - Stroke
KW - consensus
KW - lower extremity
KW - recovery
KW - rehabilitation
KW - walking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173989977&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231209154
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231209154
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37837351
SN - 1545-9683
VL - 38
SP - 41
EP - 51
JO - Neurorehabilitation and neural repair
JF - Neurorehabilitation and neural repair
IS - 1
ER -