Cerebrovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

John G. Hanly, Qiuju Li, Li Su, Murray B. Urowitz, Caroline Gordon, Sang-Cheol Bae, Juanita Romero-Diaz, Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero, Sasha Bernatsky, Ann E. Clarke, Daniel J. Wallace, David A. Isenberg, Anisur Rahman, Joan T. Merrill, Paul Fortin, Dafna D. Gladman, Ian N. Bruce, Michelle Petri, Ellen M. Ginzler, M. A. DooleyKristjan Steinsson, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Asad A. Zoma, Susan Manzi, Ola Nived, Andreas Jonsen, Munther A. Khamashta, Graciela S. Alarcón, Winn Chatham, Ronald F. van Vollenhoven, Cynthia Aranow, Meggan Mackay, Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, Manuel Ramos-Casals, S. Sam Lim, Murat Inanc, Kenneth C. Kalunian, Soren Jacobsen, Christine A. Peschken, Diane L. Kamen, Anca Askanase, Chris Theriault, Vernon Farewell

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Abstract

To determine the frequency, associations and outcomes of cerebrovascular events (CerVEs) in a multi-ethnic/racial, prospective, SLE disease inception cohort. Patients were assessed annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events including 5 types of CerVEs: (i) Stroke; (ii) Transient ischemia; (iii) Chronic multifocal ischemia; (iv) Subarachnoid/intracranial hemorrhage; (v) Sinus thrombosis. Global disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) and SF-36 scores were collected. Time to event, linear and logistic regressions and multi-state models were used as appropriate. Of 1,826 SLE patients, 88.8% were female, 48.8% Caucasian, mean±SD age 35.1±13.3 years, disease duration 5.6±4.2 months and follow-up 6.6±4.1 years. CerVEs were the fourth most frequent NP event: 82/1,826 (4.5%) patients had 109 events, 103/109 (94.5%) were attributed to SLE and 44/109 (40.4%) were identified at enrollment. The predominant events were stroke [60/109 (55.0%)] and transient ischemia [28/109 (25.7%)]. CerVEs were associated with other NP events attributed to SLE (HR (95% CI): (3.16; 1.73-5.75) (p <0.001), non-SLE NP (2.60; 1.49-4.51) (p <0.001), African ancestry at US SLICC sites (2.04; 1.01-4.13) (p=0.047) and organ damage (p=0.041). Lupus anticoagulant increased the risk of first stroke and sinus thrombosis [2.23 (1.11, 4.45) p=.024] and TIA [3.01 (1.15, 7.90) p=0.025]. Physician assessment indicated resolution or improvement in the majority but patients reported sustained reduction in SF-36 summary and subscale scores following CerVEs (P <0.0001). CerVEs, the fourth most frequent NP event in SLE, are usually attributable to lupus. In contrast to good physician reported outcomes, patients report a sustained reduction in health-related quality of life following CerVEs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1478-1487
JournalArthritis care & research
Volume70
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2018

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