TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in substance use among HIV-negative MSM: A longitudinal analysis, 1995-2019
T2 - A longitudinal analysis, 1995-2019
AU - Kelly, B.C.
AU - Coyer, L.
AU - Mustillo, S.A.
AU - Prins, M.
AU - Davidovich, U.
N1 - Funding Information: The Amsterdam Cohort Studies are part of the Netherlands HIV Monitoring Foundation and financially supported by the Center for Infectious Disease Control of the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands . Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/8/1
Y1 - 2022/8/1
N2 - Background Research suggests shifting patterns of recreational drug consumption among MSM in recent decades. The present study evaluates population-level mean trajectories of substance use among HIV-negative MSM from 1995 to 2019. Methods Using open cohort study data following MSM in the Netherlands (n=1495) since 1995, we applied generalized estimating equations to examine population-averaged estimates of five substances – alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, and poppers – from 1995 to 2019, as well as their use during sexual encounters. Results Recent alcohol use decreased; predicted probabilities declined from 1995 to 2019 (.96 to .87). During the same period, cocaine and poppers use increased – (.10 to .23 and .37 to .47, respectively) and use during sex also increased (.05 to .16, and .32 to .41, respectively). Ecstasy use increased over time (.23 to .38), although not during sex. No significant changes in cannabis use occurred. Conclusions While changes in use of various substances were mixed, increases in cocaine and poppers use during sexual encounters occurred among HIV-negative MSM over time. Efforts to intervene on substance use in connection with sex remain critical for health promotion.
AB - Background Research suggests shifting patterns of recreational drug consumption among MSM in recent decades. The present study evaluates population-level mean trajectories of substance use among HIV-negative MSM from 1995 to 2019. Methods Using open cohort study data following MSM in the Netherlands (n=1495) since 1995, we applied generalized estimating equations to examine population-averaged estimates of five substances – alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, and poppers – from 1995 to 2019, as well as their use during sexual encounters. Results Recent alcohol use decreased; predicted probabilities declined from 1995 to 2019 (.96 to .87). During the same period, cocaine and poppers use increased – (.10 to .23 and .37 to .47, respectively) and use during sex also increased (.05 to .16, and .32 to .41, respectively). Ecstasy use increased over time (.23 to .38), although not during sex. No significant changes in cannabis use occurred. Conclusions While changes in use of various substances were mixed, increases in cocaine and poppers use during sexual encounters occurred among HIV-negative MSM over time. Efforts to intervene on substance use in connection with sex remain critical for health promotion.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Cannabis
KW - Cocaine
KW - Cohort Studies
KW - Drugs
KW - HIV Infections/epidemiology
KW - Homosexuality, Male
KW - Humans
KW - MSM
KW - Male
KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
KW - Risk
KW - Risk-Taking
KW - Sexual Behavior
KW - Sexual and Gender Minorities
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Surveys and Questionnaires
KW - Trends
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131524769&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103748
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103748
M3 - Article
C2 - 35649313
SN - 0955-3959
VL - 106
JO - International Journal of Drug Policy
JF - International Journal of Drug Policy
M1 - 103748
ER -