Comparison of the skin sensitization potential of 3 red and 2 black tattoo inks using interleukin-18 as a biomarker in a reconstructed human skin model

W. Bil, S.A.S. van der Bent, S.W. Spiekstra, K. Nazmi, Thomas Rustemeyer, S. Gibbs

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

28 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: During the last decade, the number of people with ≥1 tattoo has increased noticeably within the European population. Despite this, limited safety information is available for tattoo inks.

Objectives: To test the skin sensitization potential of 5 tattoo inks in vitro by using reconstructed human skin (RHS) and the contact sensitization biomarker interleukin (IL)-18.

Methods: Two red and 3 black tattoo inks, 1 additive (Hamamelis virginiana extract) and 1 irritant control (lactic acid) were tested. The culture medium of RHS (reconstructed epidermis on a fibroblast-populated collagen hydrogel) was supplemented with test substances in a dose-dependent manner for 24 hours, after which cytotoxicity (histology; thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay) and skin sensitization potential (IL-18 secretion; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were assessed.

Results: All but 1 ink showed cytotoxicity. Notably, 1 red ink and 1 black ink were able to cause an inflammatory response, indicated by substantial release of IL-18, suggesting that these inks may be contact sensitizers.

Conclusions: The in vitro RHS model showed that 4 tattoo inks were cytotoxic and 2 were able to cause an inflammatory IL-18 response, indicating that an individual may develop allergic contact dermatitis when exposed to these tattoo inks, as they contain contact sensitizers.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)336-345
JournalContact dermatitis
Volume79
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2018

Keywords

  • IL-18
  • allergic contact dermatitis
  • human reconstructed skin
  • in vitro
  • safety assessment
  • skin sensitization
  • tattoo ink

Cite this