TY - JOUR
T1 - Dairy product consumption and incident prediabetes in Dutch middle-aged adults: the Hoorn Studies prospective cohort
AU - Slurink, Isabel A. L.
AU - den Braver, Nicolette R.
AU - Rutters, Femke
AU - Kupper, Nina
AU - Smeets, Tom
AU - Elders, Petra J. M.
AU - Beulens, Joline W. J.
AU - Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S.
N1 - Funding Information: SSS-M has received unrestricted grants from the Global Dairy Platform, Dairy Research Institute and Dairy Australia for a meta-analysis on cheese and blood lipids (2012) and a meta-analysis of dairy and mortality (2015). She received the Wiebe Visser International Dairy Nutrition Prize and has received recent research funding (2019) for epidemiological studies on dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases from the Dutch Dairy Association and the Danish Dairy Research Foundation. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Dutch Dairy Association (Nederlandse Zuivel Organisatie) to SSS-M. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Purpose: Our aim was to investigate prospective associations of consumption of total dairy and dairy types with incident prediabetes in a Dutch population-based study. Methods: Two enrolment waves of the Hoorn Studies were harmonized, resulting in an analytic sample of 2262 participants without (pre-) diabetes at enrolment (mean age 56 ± 7.3 years; 50% male). Baseline dietary intake was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated between dairy, fermented dairy, milk, yogurt (all total/high/low fat), cream and ice cream and prediabetes. Additionally, substituting one serving/day of dairy types associated with prediabetes with alternative dairy types was analysed. Results: During a mean 6.4 ± 0.7 years of follow-up, 810 participants (35.9%) developed prediabetes. High fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a 17% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99, ptrend = 0.04), 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–1.02, ptrend = 0.04) and 21% (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94, ptrend = 0.01) lower risk of incident prediabetes, respectively, in top compared to bottom quartiles, after adjustment for confounders. High fat cheese consumption was continuously associated with lower prediabetes risk (RRservings/day 0.94, 95% CI 0.88–1.00, p = 0.04). Total dairy and other dairy types were not associated with prediabetes risk in adjusted models, irrespective of fat content (RR ~ 1). Replacing high fat cheese with alternative dairy types was not associated with prediabetes risk. Conclusion: The highest intake of high fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a lower risk of prediabetes, whereas other dairy types were not associated. Cheese seems to be inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, despite high levels of saturated fatty acids and sodium.
AB - Purpose: Our aim was to investigate prospective associations of consumption of total dairy and dairy types with incident prediabetes in a Dutch population-based study. Methods: Two enrolment waves of the Hoorn Studies were harmonized, resulting in an analytic sample of 2262 participants without (pre-) diabetes at enrolment (mean age 56 ± 7.3 years; 50% male). Baseline dietary intake was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated between dairy, fermented dairy, milk, yogurt (all total/high/low fat), cream and ice cream and prediabetes. Additionally, substituting one serving/day of dairy types associated with prediabetes with alternative dairy types was analysed. Results: During a mean 6.4 ± 0.7 years of follow-up, 810 participants (35.9%) developed prediabetes. High fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a 17% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99, ptrend = 0.04), 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–1.02, ptrend = 0.04) and 21% (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94, ptrend = 0.01) lower risk of incident prediabetes, respectively, in top compared to bottom quartiles, after adjustment for confounders. High fat cheese consumption was continuously associated with lower prediabetes risk (RRservings/day 0.94, 95% CI 0.88–1.00, p = 0.04). Total dairy and other dairy types were not associated with prediabetes risk in adjusted models, irrespective of fat content (RR ~ 1). Replacing high fat cheese with alternative dairy types was not associated with prediabetes risk. Conclusion: The highest intake of high fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a lower risk of prediabetes, whereas other dairy types were not associated. Cheese seems to be inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, despite high levels of saturated fatty acids and sodium.
KW - Dairy
KW - Impaired glucose metabolism
KW - Prediabetes
KW - Prospective cohort
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110458796&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02626-9
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02626-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 34245355
SN - 1436-6207
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
ER -