TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary intake of heme iron is associated with ferritin and hemoglobin levels in Dutch blood donors
T2 - results from Donor InSight
AU - Timmer, Tiffany C.
AU - de Groot, Rosa
AU - Rijnhart, Judith J. M.
AU - Lakerveld, Jeroen
AU - Brug, Johannes
AU - Perenboom, Corine W. M.
AU - Mireille Baart, A.
AU - Prinsze, Femmeke J.
AU - Zalpuri, Saurabh
AU - Ellen van der Schoot, C.
AU - de Kort, Wim L. A. M.
AU - van den Hurk, Katja
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by a Product and Process Development Grant (PPOC-14-028) from the Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Ferrata Storti Foundation Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Whole blood donors, especially frequently donating donors, have a risk of iron deficiency and low hemoglobin levels, which may affect their health and eligibility to donate. Lifestyle behaviors, such as dietary iron intake and physical activity, may influence iron stores and thereby hemoglobin levels. We aimed to investigate whether dietary iron intake and questionnaire-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with hemoglobin levels, and whether ferritin levels mediated these associations. In Donor InSight-III, a Dutch cohort study of blood and plasma donors, data on heme and non-heme iron intake (mg/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (10 minutes/day), hemoglobin levels (mmol/L) and ferritin levels (μg/L) were available in 2,323 donors (1,074 male). Donors with higher heme iron intakes (regression coefficients (β) in men and women: 0.160 and 0.065 mmol/L higher hemoglobin per 1 mg of heme iron, respectively) and lower non-heme iron intakes (β: -0.014 and -0.017, respectively) had higher hemoglobin levels, adjusted for relevant confounders. Ferritin levels mediated these associations (indirect effect (95% confidence interval) in men and women respectively: 0.074 (0.045; 0.111) and 0.061 (0.030; 0.096) for heme and -0.003 (-0.008;0.001) and -0.008 (-0.013;-0.003) for non-heme). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was negatively associated with hemoglobin levels in men only (β: -0.005), but not mediated by ferritin levels. In conclusion, higher heme and lower non-heme iron intake were associated with higher hemoglobin levels in donors, via higher ferritin levels. This indicates that donors with high heme iron intake may be more capable of maintaining iron stores to recover hemoglobin levels after blood donation.
AB - Whole blood donors, especially frequently donating donors, have a risk of iron deficiency and low hemoglobin levels, which may affect their health and eligibility to donate. Lifestyle behaviors, such as dietary iron intake and physical activity, may influence iron stores and thereby hemoglobin levels. We aimed to investigate whether dietary iron intake and questionnaire-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with hemoglobin levels, and whether ferritin levels mediated these associations. In Donor InSight-III, a Dutch cohort study of blood and plasma donors, data on heme and non-heme iron intake (mg/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (10 minutes/day), hemoglobin levels (mmol/L) and ferritin levels (μg/L) were available in 2,323 donors (1,074 male). Donors with higher heme iron intakes (regression coefficients (β) in men and women: 0.160 and 0.065 mmol/L higher hemoglobin per 1 mg of heme iron, respectively) and lower non-heme iron intakes (β: -0.014 and -0.017, respectively) had higher hemoglobin levels, adjusted for relevant confounders. Ferritin levels mediated these associations (indirect effect (95% confidence interval) in men and women respectively: 0.074 (0.045; 0.111) and 0.061 (0.030; 0.096) for heme and -0.003 (-0.008;0.001) and -0.008 (-0.013;-0.003) for non-heme). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was negatively associated with hemoglobin levels in men only (β: -0.005), but not mediated by ferritin levels. In conclusion, higher heme and lower non-heme iron intake were associated with higher hemoglobin levels in donors, via higher ferritin levels. This indicates that donors with high heme iron intake may be more capable of maintaining iron stores to recover hemoglobin levels after blood donation.
KW - Blood Donors
KW - Cohort Studies
KW - Eating
KW - Female
KW - Ferritins
KW - Heme
KW - Hemoglobins/metabolism
KW - Humans
KW - Iron
KW - Iron, Dietary
KW - Male
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092228718&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2019.229450
DO - https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2019.229450
M3 - Article
C2 - 31727763
SN - 0390-6078
VL - 105
SP - 2400
EP - 2406
JO - Haematologica
JF - Haematologica
IS - 10
ER -