TY - JOUR
T1 - Disentangling Within- and Between-Person Effects During Response Inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
AU - Hagland, Pernille
AU - Thorsen, Anders Lillevik
AU - Ousdal, Olga Therese
AU - Gjestad, Rolf
AU - de Wit, Stella J.
AU - Hansen, Bjarne
AU - Hagen, Kristen
AU - Kvale, Gerd
AU - van den Heuvel, Odile A.
N1 - Funding Information: Funding. This study was supported by grants 911754 and 911880 from Helse Vest Health Authority (to GK). Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Hagland, Thorsen, Ousdal, Gjestad, de Wit, Hansen, Hagen, Kvale and van den Heuvel. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3/25
Y1 - 2021/3/25
N2 - Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been related to worse performance, abnormal brain activity, and functional connectivity during response inhibition. Whether these findings are indications of stable traits that contribute to the development of the disorder, or whether they are a result of the state severity of obsessions and anxiety, remains unclear since previous research mainly has employed cross-sectional designs. The present study aimed to assess longitudinal between- and within-person relationships between symptoms, task performance, right inferior frontal gyrus brain activation, and connectivity between the right amygdala and the right pre-supplementary motor area in 29 OCD patients before and after concentrated exposure and response prevention treatment. Method: Patients received exposure and response prevention delivered during 4 consecutive days, following the Bergen 4-day Treatment format. Patients performed a Stop Signal Task during 3T functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging the day before treatment, as well as 1 week and 3 months after treatment completion. Multilevel models were used to analyze disaggregated within- and between-person effects over time. Independent variables were scores on the symptom severity scales for OCD, anxiety, depression, and state distress during scanning. Dependent variables were reaction time for go trials, stop signal response time, task-related brain activation and connectivity. Results: A positive between-person effect was found for obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptom severity on go trial reaction time, indicating that patients with higher symptom scores on average respond slower during accurate go trials. We also found no significant between- or within-person relations between symptom severity and task-related activation or fronto-limbic connectivity. Conclusions: The between-person findings may point toward a general association between slower processing speed and symptom severity in OCD. Longitudinal studies should disaggregate between- and within-person effects to better understand variation over time.
AB - Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been related to worse performance, abnormal brain activity, and functional connectivity during response inhibition. Whether these findings are indications of stable traits that contribute to the development of the disorder, or whether they are a result of the state severity of obsessions and anxiety, remains unclear since previous research mainly has employed cross-sectional designs. The present study aimed to assess longitudinal between- and within-person relationships between symptoms, task performance, right inferior frontal gyrus brain activation, and connectivity between the right amygdala and the right pre-supplementary motor area in 29 OCD patients before and after concentrated exposure and response prevention treatment. Method: Patients received exposure and response prevention delivered during 4 consecutive days, following the Bergen 4-day Treatment format. Patients performed a Stop Signal Task during 3T functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging the day before treatment, as well as 1 week and 3 months after treatment completion. Multilevel models were used to analyze disaggregated within- and between-person effects over time. Independent variables were scores on the symptom severity scales for OCD, anxiety, depression, and state distress during scanning. Dependent variables were reaction time for go trials, stop signal response time, task-related brain activation and connectivity. Results: A positive between-person effect was found for obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptom severity on go trial reaction time, indicating that patients with higher symptom scores on average respond slower during accurate go trials. We also found no significant between- or within-person relations between symptom severity and task-related activation or fronto-limbic connectivity. Conclusions: The between-person findings may point toward a general association between slower processing speed and symptom severity in OCD. Longitudinal studies should disaggregate between- and within-person effects to better understand variation over time.
KW - Bergen 4-day treatment
KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW - multilevel modeling
KW - obsessive-compulsive disorder
KW - response inhibition
KW - stop signal task
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103818352&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.519727
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.519727
M3 - Article
C2 - 33841194
SN - 1664-0640
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Psychiatry
JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry
M1 - 519727
ER -