TY - JOUR
T1 - Doppler Bubble Grades After Diving and Relevance of Body Fat
AU - Schellart, Nico A. M.
AU - Vellinga, Tjeerd P. van Rees
AU - Van Dijk, Frank J.
AU - Sterk, Wouter
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - SCHELLART NAM, VAN REES VELLINGA TP, VAN DIJK FJ, STERK W. Doppler bubble grades after diving and relevance of body fat. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:951-7. Background: From the literature on venous gas embolism (VGE) and decompression sickness (DCS), it remains unclear whether body fat is a predisposing factor for VGE and DCS. Therefore, this study analyses body fat (range 16-44%) in relation to precordial VGE measured by Doppler bubble grades. Also examined is the effect of age (range 34-68 yr), body mass index (BMI; range 17-34 kg . m(-2)), and a model estimate of (V) over dotO(2max) (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)), Methods:, (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)), Methods: Bubble grades were determined in 43 recreational divers after an open sea air dive of 40 min to 20 m. Doppler bubble grade scores were transformed to the logarithm of the number of bubbles/cm(2), logB, and the logarithm of the Kissman Integrated Severity Score (KISS) to allow numerical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson's regular and partial correlations, and uni- and multivariate linear regressions. Results: For divers in their midlife (and older), the analyses indicate that neither body fat nor BMI stimulate bubble formation, since correlations were nonsignificant. In contrast, age and especially (V) over dotO(2max) appeared to determine VGE. For these types of dives it was found that logB = -1.1 + 0.02age - 0.04(V) over dotO(2max). Conclusion: Based on these data we conclude that body fat and BMI seem less relevant for diving. We recommend that medical examinations pay more attention to (V) over dotO(2max) and age, acid that international dive institutions come to a consensus regarding (V) over dotO(2max) criteria
AB - SCHELLART NAM, VAN REES VELLINGA TP, VAN DIJK FJ, STERK W. Doppler bubble grades after diving and relevance of body fat. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:951-7. Background: From the literature on venous gas embolism (VGE) and decompression sickness (DCS), it remains unclear whether body fat is a predisposing factor for VGE and DCS. Therefore, this study analyses body fat (range 16-44%) in relation to precordial VGE measured by Doppler bubble grades. Also examined is the effect of age (range 34-68 yr), body mass index (BMI; range 17-34 kg . m(-2)), and a model estimate of (V) over dotO(2max) (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)), Methods:, (maximal oxygen uptake; range 24-54 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)), Methods: Bubble grades were determined in 43 recreational divers after an open sea air dive of 40 min to 20 m. Doppler bubble grade scores were transformed to the logarithm of the number of bubbles/cm(2), logB, and the logarithm of the Kissman Integrated Severity Score (KISS) to allow numerical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson's regular and partial correlations, and uni- and multivariate linear regressions. Results: For divers in their midlife (and older), the analyses indicate that neither body fat nor BMI stimulate bubble formation, since correlations were nonsignificant. In contrast, age and especially (V) over dotO(2max) appeared to determine VGE. For these types of dives it was found that logB = -1.1 + 0.02age - 0.04(V) over dotO(2max). Conclusion: Based on these data we conclude that body fat and BMI seem less relevant for diving. We recommend that medical examinations pay more attention to (V) over dotO(2max) and age, acid that international dive institutions come to a consensus regarding (V) over dotO(2max) criteria
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3189.2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.3189.2012
M3 - Article
C2 - 23066616
SN - 0095-6562
VL - 83
SP - 951
EP - 957
JO - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine
JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine
IS - 10
ER -