TY - JOUR
T1 - Easy and accurate reconstruction of whole HIV genomes from short-read sequence data with shiver
AU - BEEHIVE Collaboration
AU - Wymant, Chris
AU - Blanquart, François
AU - Golubchik, Tanya
AU - Gall, Astrid
AU - Bakker, Margreet
AU - Bezemer, Daniela
AU - Croucher, Nicholas J
AU - Hall, Matthew
AU - Hillebregt, Mariska
AU - Ong, Swee Hoe
AU - Ratmann, Oliver
AU - Albert, Jan
AU - Bannert, Norbert
AU - Fellay, Jacques
AU - Fransen, Katrien
AU - Gourlay, Annabelle
AU - Grabowski, M Kate
AU - Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Barbara
AU - Günthard, Huldrych F
AU - Kivelä, Pia
AU - Kouyos, Roger
AU - Laeyendecker, Oliver
AU - Liitsola, Kirsi
AU - Meyer, Laurence
AU - Porter, Kholoud
AU - Ristola, Matti
AU - van Sighem, Ard
AU - Berkhout, Ben
AU - Cornelissen, Marion
AU - Kellam, Paul
AU - Reiss, Peter
AU - Fraser, Christophe
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Studying the evolution of viruses and their molecular epidemiology relies on accurate viral sequence data, so that small differences between similar viruses can be meaningfully interpreted. Despite its higher throughput and more detailed minority variant data, next-generation sequencing has yet to be widely adopted for HIV. The difficulty of accurately reconstructing the consensus sequence of a quasispecies from reads (short fragments of DNA) in the presence of large between- and within-host diversity, including frequent indels, may have presented a barrier. In particular, mapping (aligning) reads to a reference sequence leads to biased loss of information; this bias can distort epidemiological and evolutionary conclusions. De novo assembly avoids this bias by aligning the reads to themselves, producing a set of sequences called contigs. However contigs provide only a partial summary of the reads, misassembly may result in their having an incorrect structure, and no information is available at parts of the genome where contigs could not be assembled. To address these problems we developed the tool shiver to pre-process reads for quality and contamination, then map them to a reference tailored to the sample using corrected contigs supplemented with the user's choice of existing reference sequences. Run with two commands per sample, it can easily be used for large heterogeneous data sets. We used shiver to reconstruct the consensus sequence and minority variant information from paired-end short-read whole-genome data produced with the Illumina platform, for sixty-five existing publicly available samples and fifty new samples. We show the systematic superiority of mapping to shiver's constructed reference compared with mapping the same reads to the closest of 3,249 real references: median values of 13 bases called differently and more accurately, 0 bases called differently and less accurately, and 205 bases of missing sequence recovered. We also successfully applied shiver to whole-genome samples of Hepatitis C Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. shiver is publicly available from https://github.com/ChrisHIV/shiver.
AB - Studying the evolution of viruses and their molecular epidemiology relies on accurate viral sequence data, so that small differences between similar viruses can be meaningfully interpreted. Despite its higher throughput and more detailed minority variant data, next-generation sequencing has yet to be widely adopted for HIV. The difficulty of accurately reconstructing the consensus sequence of a quasispecies from reads (short fragments of DNA) in the presence of large between- and within-host diversity, including frequent indels, may have presented a barrier. In particular, mapping (aligning) reads to a reference sequence leads to biased loss of information; this bias can distort epidemiological and evolutionary conclusions. De novo assembly avoids this bias by aligning the reads to themselves, producing a set of sequences called contigs. However contigs provide only a partial summary of the reads, misassembly may result in their having an incorrect structure, and no information is available at parts of the genome where contigs could not be assembled. To address these problems we developed the tool shiver to pre-process reads for quality and contamination, then map them to a reference tailored to the sample using corrected contigs supplemented with the user's choice of existing reference sequences. Run with two commands per sample, it can easily be used for large heterogeneous data sets. We used shiver to reconstruct the consensus sequence and minority variant information from paired-end short-read whole-genome data produced with the Illumina platform, for sixty-five existing publicly available samples and fifty new samples. We show the systematic superiority of mapping to shiver's constructed reference compared with mapping the same reads to the closest of 3,249 real references: median values of 13 bases called differently and more accurately, 0 bases called differently and less accurately, and 205 bases of missing sequence recovered. We also successfully applied shiver to whole-genome samples of Hepatitis C Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. shiver is publicly available from https://github.com/ChrisHIV/shiver.
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vey007
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vey007
M3 - Article
C2 - 29876136
SN - 2057-1577
VL - 4
SP - vey007
JO - Virus evolution
JF - Virus evolution
IS - 1
ER -