Effect of chromoendoscopy in the proximal colon on colorectal neoplasia detection in Lynch syndrome: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background and Aims: Patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) undergo regular surveillance by colonoscopy because of an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia, particularly in the proximal colon. Chromoendoscopy (CE) has been reported to improve neoplasia detection compared with conventional white-light endoscopy (WLE), but evidence is limited. Our aim was to investigate the effect of CE in the proximal colon on detection of neoplastic lesions during surveillance in LS. Methods: A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial of 246 patients with LS who were randomly assigned (1:1) to conventional WLE (n = 123) or colonoscopy with CE in the proximal colon (n = 123), stratified for previous colorectal adenomas and enrolling center. Two years after baseline colonoscopy, patients underwent colonoscopy with CE in the proximal colon. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with at least one neoplastic lesion at baseline and after 2 years. Results: Neoplasia detection rates at baseline colonoscopy were 27% for WLE versus 30% for CE (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-2.2; P = .56). In the proximal colon, neoplasia detection rates were 16% for WLE versus 24% for CE (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-3.1; P = .13). Total procedure time was 9 minutes longer in the CE group. At follow-up after 2 years, neoplasia detection rates were similar in both groups: 26% for the original WLE group versus 28% for the CE group (OR, 1.1; P = .81). Conclusions: CE in the proximal colon for LS surveillance was not superior to WLE with respect to the initial detection of neoplasia, and not associated with reduced neoplasia detection rates after 2 years. The value of CE remains to be established. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT00905710.)