Effect of infusion of high-density lipoprotein mimetic containing recombinant apolipoprotein A-I Milano on coronary disease in patients with an acute coronary syndrome in the MILANO-PILOT trial: A randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE Infusing a high-density lipoprotein mimetic containing apolipoprotein A-I Milano demonstrated potential atheroma regression in patients following an acute coronary syndrome. To our knowledge, the effect of infusing a new mimetic preparation (MDCO-216) with contemporary statin therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of infusingMDCO-216 on coronary atherosclerosis progression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted in 22 hospitals in Canada and Europe compared the effects of 5 weekly intravenous infusions of MDCO-216 at a dose of 20mg/kg weekly (n = 59) with placebo (n = 67) in statin-treated patients with an acute coronary syndrome. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary efficacy measurewas the nominal change in percent atheroma volume (PAV) from baseline to day 36 as measured by serial intravascular ultrasonography. The secondary efficacy measureswere the nominal changes in normalized total atheroma volume (TAV), atheroma volume in the most diseased 10-mm segment, and the percentage of patientswhodemonstrated plaque regression. Safety and tolerabilitywere also evaluated. RESULTS Among 122 randomized patients (mean [SD] age, 61.8 [10.4] years; 93men[76.2%]; 61 [50.0%] with prior statin use; and a mean [SD] low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] level of 87.6 [40.5]mg/dL [to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by0.0259]), 113 (92.6%) had evaluable imaging results at follow-up. The receiving-treatment LDL-C levelswere comparable with the placebo andMDCO-216 (68.6 vs 70.5mg/dL; difference, -2.5mg/dL; 95%CI, -10.1 to 5.0; P = .51).Areduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levelswas observed inMDCO, but not placebo patients (-3.3 vs 3.0mg/dL [to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by0.0259]; difference, -6.3mg/dL; 95%CI, -8.5 to -4.1; P < .001). Percent atheroma volume, whichwas adjusted for baseline values, decreased0.94%with the placebo and0.21% withMDCO-216 (difference,0.73%; 95%CI, -0.07 to 1.52; P = .07). Normalized TAVdecreased 7.9mm3 with the placebo and 6.4mm3 withMDCO-216 (difference, 1.6mm3; 95%CI, -5.6 to 8.7; P = .67), and atheroma volume in the most diseased segment decreased 1.8mm3 with the placebo and 2.2mm3 with MDCO-216 (difference0.4mm3; 95%CI, -4.4 to 3.5; P = .83).Asimilar percentage of patients demonstrated a regression of PAV(67.2%vs 55.8%; P = .21) and TAV(68.9%vs 71.2%; P = .79) in the placebo andMDCO-216 groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with an acute coronary syndrome, infusing MDCO-216 did not produce an incremental plaque regression in the setting of contemporary statin therapy.