TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of changes in early retirement policies on labor force participation
T2 - the differential effects for vulnerable groups
AU - Oude Hengel, Karen M
AU - Riumallo-Herl, Carlos
AU - Schram, Jolinda Ld
AU - Nieboer, Daan
AU - van der Beek, Allard J
AU - Burdorf, Alex
N1 - Funding Information: This study was financially supported by a VENI grant from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 451-16-031. Dr Riumallo-Herl received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 707404. Funding Information: This study was financially supported by a VENI grant from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 451-16-031. Dr Riumallo-Herl received funding from the EU?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 707404. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/4/1
Y1 - 2021/4/1
N2 - Objectives This study investigated the effects of a national early retirement reform, which was implemented in 2006 and penalized early retirement, on paid employment and different exit pathways and examined whether these effects differ by gender, income level and health status. Methods This study included all Dutch individuals in paid employment born six months before (control group) and six months after (intervention group) the cut-off date of the reform (1 January 1950) that fiscally penalized early retirement. A regression discontinuity design combined with restricted mean survival time analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of penalizing early retirement on labor force participation from age 60 until workers reached the retirement age of 65 years, while accounting for secular trends around the threshold. Results The intervention group postponed early retirement by 7.41 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.11-8.72], and partly replaced this by remaining 4.87 months (95% CI 3.60-6.24) longer in paid employment. Workers born after the threshold, annually earning €25 000-40 000, spent 1.24 months (95% CI 0.31-2.18) more in economic inactivity than those born before. The working months lost to unemployment increased by 1.50 months (95% CI 0.30-2.71) for female workers and 1.99 months (95% CI 0.06-3.92) for workers reporting multiple chronic diseases. Conclusions The national reform successfully prolonged working lives of older workers. However, workers with a middle income, female workers, and workers with chronic diseases were more vulnerable to premature exit from the labor market through unemployment or being without any income or benefit.
AB - Objectives This study investigated the effects of a national early retirement reform, which was implemented in 2006 and penalized early retirement, on paid employment and different exit pathways and examined whether these effects differ by gender, income level and health status. Methods This study included all Dutch individuals in paid employment born six months before (control group) and six months after (intervention group) the cut-off date of the reform (1 January 1950) that fiscally penalized early retirement. A regression discontinuity design combined with restricted mean survival time analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of penalizing early retirement on labor force participation from age 60 until workers reached the retirement age of 65 years, while accounting for secular trends around the threshold. Results The intervention group postponed early retirement by 7.41 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.11-8.72], and partly replaced this by remaining 4.87 months (95% CI 3.60-6.24) longer in paid employment. Workers born after the threshold, annually earning €25 000-40 000, spent 1.24 months (95% CI 0.31-2.18) more in economic inactivity than those born before. The working months lost to unemployment increased by 1.50 months (95% CI 0.30-2.71) for female workers and 1.99 months (95% CI 0.06-3.92) for workers reporting multiple chronic diseases. Conclusions The national reform successfully prolonged working lives of older workers. However, workers with a middle income, female workers, and workers with chronic diseases were more vulnerable to premature exit from the labor market through unemployment or being without any income or benefit.
KW - Gender
KW - Key terms chronic disease
KW - Older worker
KW - Regression discontinuity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103683997&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3946
DO - https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3946
M3 - Article
C2 - 33399213
SN - 0355-3140
VL - 47
SP - 224
EP - 232
JO - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
IS - 3
ER -