@article{2377edec14d94f47966a4dfe3a9d181f,
title = "Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the trunk and limbs",
abstract = "An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Additional discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the trunk and limbs and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of these body regions.",
keywords = "anatomy, anthropometry, classification, dysmorphology, elements of morphology, nomenclature",
author = "Biesecker, {Leslie G.} and Adam, {Margaret P.} and Chung, {Brian Hon-Yin} and Kenjiro Kosaki and Menke, {Leonie A.} and White, {Susan M.} and Carey, {John C.} and Hennekam, {Raoul C. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: LGB was supported by NIH grant HG200388-08. We thank Drs. Justin R De Jong (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Marco Castori (San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy), Ariana Kariminejad and Nima Jafari-Rastegar (Teheran, Iran), Sumru Kavurt (Ankara, Turkey), Rakesh Kotha (Hyderabad, India), and Jose Morales-Rosell{\'o} (Valencia, Spain) for contributing figures, and Julia Fekecs for assistance with Figure 1. Funding Information: LGB was supported by NIH grant HG200388‐08. We thank Drs. Justin R De Jong (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Marco Castori (San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy), Ariana Kariminejad and Nima Jafari‐Rastegar (Teheran, Iran), Sumru Kavurt (Ankara, Turkey), Rakesh Kotha (Hyderabad, India), and Jose Morales‐Rosell{\'o} (Valencia, Spain) for contributing figures, and Julia Fekecs for assistance with Figure 1 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.",
year = "2022",
month = nov,
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.62965",
language = "English",
volume = "188",
pages = "3191--3228",
journal = "American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A",
issn = "1552-4825",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "11",
}