TY - JOUR
T1 - ELITE
T2 - Rationale and design of a longitudinal elite athlete, extreme cardiovascular phenotyping, prospective cohort study
AU - Van Hattum, Juliette C.
AU - Verwijs, Sjoerd M.
AU - Boekholdt, S. Matthijs
AU - Groenink, Maarten
AU - Planken, R. Nils
AU - Van Randen, Adrienne
AU - Nederveen, Aart J.
AU - Moen, Maarten H.
AU - Wijne, Cornelis A.C.M.
AU - Daems, Joelle J.N.
AU - Velthuis, Birgitta K.
AU - Van De Sande, Danny A.J.
AU - Spee, Ruud
AU - De Vries, Suzanna T.
AU - Van Der Veen, Maurits J.
AU - Pinto, Yigal M.
AU - Wilde, Arthur A.M.
AU - Jorstad, Harald T.
N1 - Funding Information: Harald T Jørstad has received funding for ELITE from Amsterdam Movement Sciences (P1A210AMC2018) and NOC*NSF, and for COMMIT from the Netherlands Heart Foundation (01-001-2020-T079). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Author(s).
PY - 2023/2/3
Y1 - 2023/2/3
N2 - Introduction The cardiovascular benefits of physical exercise are well-known. However, vigorous exercise has also been associated with adverse cardiac effects. To improve our understanding of cardiovascular adaptation to exercise versus maladaptation and pathology, the limits of adaptation should be firmly established using state-of-the-art diagnostic modalities. We therefore initiated the Evaluation of Lifetime participation in Intensive Top-level sports and Exercise (ELITE) cohort to investigate the longitudinal (beneficial and pathological) cardiovascular effects of intensive elite sports and exercise. Methods and analysis ELITE is a prospective, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study. Elite athletes, from the age of sixteen, are recruited in The Netherlands. The primary objective is to determine the association between elite sports and exercise-induced cardiac remodelling, cardiac pathology, and health benefits over time. Secondary objectives include determining and identifying genetic profiles of elite athletes, and how these are associated with cardiac indices. ELITE will collect data from consultations, electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and training- and injury data. ELITE will also collect blood for biobanking and cardiogenetics. Follow-up will take place at intervals of two to five years, and after the elite athletes' professional careers have ended. In addition, a subcohort of ELITE has been established to investigate cardiac sequelae following infections associated with myocardial involvement, including SARS-CoV-2. ELITE is a prospective observational study; therefore, analyses will be primarily explorative. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Review Board of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL71682.018.19). The results of the study will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journals (Netherlands Trial Register number: NL9328).
AB - Introduction The cardiovascular benefits of physical exercise are well-known. However, vigorous exercise has also been associated with adverse cardiac effects. To improve our understanding of cardiovascular adaptation to exercise versus maladaptation and pathology, the limits of adaptation should be firmly established using state-of-the-art diagnostic modalities. We therefore initiated the Evaluation of Lifetime participation in Intensive Top-level sports and Exercise (ELITE) cohort to investigate the longitudinal (beneficial and pathological) cardiovascular effects of intensive elite sports and exercise. Methods and analysis ELITE is a prospective, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study. Elite athletes, from the age of sixteen, are recruited in The Netherlands. The primary objective is to determine the association between elite sports and exercise-induced cardiac remodelling, cardiac pathology, and health benefits over time. Secondary objectives include determining and identifying genetic profiles of elite athletes, and how these are associated with cardiac indices. ELITE will collect data from consultations, electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and training- and injury data. ELITE will also collect blood for biobanking and cardiogenetics. Follow-up will take place at intervals of two to five years, and after the elite athletes' professional careers have ended. In addition, a subcohort of ELITE has been established to investigate cardiac sequelae following infections associated with myocardial involvement, including SARS-CoV-2. ELITE is a prospective observational study; therefore, analyses will be primarily explorative. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Review Board of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL71682.018.19). The results of the study will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journals (Netherlands Trial Register number: NL9328).
KW - Athlete
KW - Cardiology prevention
KW - Elite performance
KW - Prospective
KW - Sports & exercise medicine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148472766&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001505
DO - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001505
M3 - Article
C2 - 36756286
SN - 2055-7647
VL - 9
SP - e001505
JO - BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine
JF - BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - e001505
ER -