Evaluation of oral and topical bovine colostrum compared to mesalamine in the treatment of animal model of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis

Background Oxidative activity and inflammatory responses have been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Colostrum is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Methods UC was induced in 37 Sprague Dawley rats by administration of a 2 mL enema of 3% acetic acid (AA). The control groups received no treatment during the study, while the experimental groups received either oral or rectal administration of 100 mg/kg 5-aminosalicylic acid, or oral or rectal administration of 300 mg/kg of colostrum. Histopathological and serological analyses were performed 7 days following treatment. Results A significant decrease in weight was seen in all rats except for the test groups receiving colostrum (P<0.001). After treatment, the level of superoxide dismutase increased more significantly in the test groups that received colostrum (P<0.05). All test groups had a reduction in C-reactive protein and white blood cell levels. The colostrum test groups also showed a decrease in inflammation rate, ulceration, destruction, disorganization, and crypt abscess of the colonic mucosa. Conclusions The findings of this study show that the administration of colostrum can improve the pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa, as well as inflammatory responses, in animal models of UC. Further studies at both preclinical and clinical levels are suggested to confirm these findings.