TY - JOUR
T1 - Harnessing EV communication to restore antitumor immunity
AU - Massaro, Crescenzo
AU - Min, Wei
AU - Pegtel, D. Michiel
AU - Baglio, S. Rubina
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF, grant No 11065, to S.R. Baglio). Figures were created with BioRender.com. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Restoring effective anti-tumor immune responses to cure cancer is a promising strategy, but challenging to achieve due to the intricate crosstalk between tumor and immune cells. While it is established that tumor cells acquire traits to escape immune recognition, the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in curbing immune cell activation is rapidly emerging. By assisting cancer cells in spreading immunomodulatory signals in the form of (glyco)proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and metabolic regulators, EVs recently emerged as versatile mediators of immune suppression. Blocking their action might reactivate immune cell function and natural antitumor immune responses. Alternatively, EV communication may be exploited to boost anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, novel insights into EV biology paved the way for efficient ex vivo production of ‘rationally engineered’ EVs that function as potent antitumor vaccines or carry out specific functional tasks. In this review we discuss the latest findings on immune regulation by cancer EVs and explore how EV-mediated communication can be either targeted or harnessed to restore immunity as a means for cancer therapy.
AB - Restoring effective anti-tumor immune responses to cure cancer is a promising strategy, but challenging to achieve due to the intricate crosstalk between tumor and immune cells. While it is established that tumor cells acquire traits to escape immune recognition, the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in curbing immune cell activation is rapidly emerging. By assisting cancer cells in spreading immunomodulatory signals in the form of (glyco)proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and metabolic regulators, EVs recently emerged as versatile mediators of immune suppression. Blocking their action might reactivate immune cell function and natural antitumor immune responses. Alternatively, EV communication may be exploited to boost anti-tumor immunity. Indeed, novel insights into EV biology paved the way for efficient ex vivo production of ‘rationally engineered’ EVs that function as potent antitumor vaccines or carry out specific functional tasks. In this review we discuss the latest findings on immune regulation by cancer EVs and explore how EV-mediated communication can be either targeted or harnessed to restore immunity as a means for cancer therapy.
KW - EV decoy function
KW - EV therapeutics
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Immune checkpoints
KW - Immunometabolism
KW - Tumor immune evasion
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85108955341&origin=inward
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34144088
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108955341&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113838
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113838
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34144088
SN - 0169-409X
VL - 176
JO - Advanced drug delivery reviews
JF - Advanced drug delivery reviews
M1 - 113838
ER -