TY - JOUR
T1 - Immediate Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sports is Associated with Improved Survival—a Video Analysis
AU - Panhuyzen-Goedkoop, Nicole M.
AU - Wellens, Hein J.
AU - Verbeek, André L. M.
AU - Piek, Jan J.
AU - Peters, Ron J. G.
N1 - Funding Information: We would like to express our gratitude to the students Nils L Bakker, Pieter S van Dorst, Lars P Huizinga, and Maarten C Marinussen, who participated in this research as part of their medical research internship and assisted in collecting the data and the analysis of the videos. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Background: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) during sports can be the first symptom of yet undetected cardiovascular conditions. Immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation offer SCA victims the best chance of survival, which requires prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aims: To determine the effect of rapid bystander CPR to SCA during sports by searching for and analyzing videos of these SCA/SCD events from the internet. Methods: We searched images.google.com, video.google.com, and YouTube.com, and included any camera-witnessed non-traumatic SCA during sports. The rapidity of starting bystander chest compressions and defibrillation was classified as < 3, 3–5, or > 5 min. Results: We identified and included 29 victims of average age 27.6 ± 8.5 years. Twenty-eight were males, 23 performed at an elite level, and 18 participated in soccer. Bystander CPR < 3 min (7/29) or 3–5 min (1/29) and defibrillation < 3 min was associated with 100% survival. Not performing chest compressions and defibrillation was associated with death (14/29), and > 5 min delay of intervention with worse outcome (death 4/29, severe neurologic dysfunction 1/29). Conclusions: Analysis of internet videos showed that immediate bystander CPR to non-traumatic SCA during sports was associated with improved survival. This suggests that immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation are crucially important in SCA during sport, as they are in other settings. Optimal use of both will most likely result in survival. Most videos showing recent events did not show an improvement in the proportion of athletes who received early resuscitation, suggesting that the problem of cardiac arrest during sports activity is poorly recognized.
AB - Background: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) during sports can be the first symptom of yet undetected cardiovascular conditions. Immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation offer SCA victims the best chance of survival, which requires prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aims: To determine the effect of rapid bystander CPR to SCA during sports by searching for and analyzing videos of these SCA/SCD events from the internet. Methods: We searched images.google.com, video.google.com, and YouTube.com, and included any camera-witnessed non-traumatic SCA during sports. The rapidity of starting bystander chest compressions and defibrillation was classified as < 3, 3–5, or > 5 min. Results: We identified and included 29 victims of average age 27.6 ± 8.5 years. Twenty-eight were males, 23 performed at an elite level, and 18 participated in soccer. Bystander CPR < 3 min (7/29) or 3–5 min (1/29) and defibrillation < 3 min was associated with 100% survival. Not performing chest compressions and defibrillation was associated with death (14/29), and > 5 min delay of intervention with worse outcome (death 4/29, severe neurologic dysfunction 1/29). Conclusions: Analysis of internet videos showed that immediate bystander CPR to non-traumatic SCA during sports was associated with improved survival. This suggests that immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation are crucially important in SCA during sport, as they are in other settings. Optimal use of both will most likely result in survival. Most videos showing recent events did not show an improvement in the proportion of athletes who received early resuscitation, suggesting that the problem of cardiac arrest during sports activity is poorly recognized.
KW - AED
KW - Athlete
KW - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
KW - Chest compressions
KW - Soccer
KW - Sport
KW - Sports participant
KW - Sudden cardiac arrest
KW - Sudden cardiac death
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111147582&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00346-2
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00346-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 34292409
SN - 2199-1170
VL - 7
JO - Sports Medicine - Open
JF - Sports Medicine - Open
IS - 1
M1 - 50
ER -