@article{0a7ad587353f48369c26784e7e700c32,
title = "Interplay between immunity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Clinical impact",
abstract = "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research and many new insights into disease biology over the 150 years since the disease was first described, causative pathogenic mechanisms in ALS remain poorly understood, especially in sporadic cases. Our understanding of the role of the immune system in ALS pathophysiology, however, is rapidly expanding. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the recent advances regarding the immune system involvement in ALS, with particular attention to clinical translation. We focus on the potential pathophysiologic mechanism of the immune system in ALS, discussing local and systemic factors (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and microbiota) that influence ALS onset and progression in animal models and people. We also explore the potential of Positron Emission Tomography to detect neuroinflammation in vivo, and discuss ongoing clinical trials of therapies targeting the immune system. With validation in human patients, new evidence in this emerging field will serve to identify novel therapeutic targets and provide realistic hope for personalized treatment strategies.",
keywords = "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Biomarkers, Immunity, Inflammation, Target, Targeted therapies",
author = "{de Marchi}, Fabiola and Ivana Munitic and Amedeo Amedei and Berry, {James D.} and Feldman, {Eva L.} and Eleonora Aronica and Giovanni Nardo and {van Weehaeghe}, Donatienne and Elena Niccolai and Nikolina Prtenjaca and Sakowski, {Stacey A.} and Caterina Bendotti and Letizia Mazzini",
note = "Funding Information: The paper was realized with the support of the AGING Project for Department of Excellence at the Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Universit{\`a} del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy (LM) ; with the contribution of Regione Lombardia, Italy, {"}POR FESR 2014–2020 resources Call HUB Ricerca Innovazione (CB). IM is supported by the Croatian Science Foundation ( IP-2018-01-8563 ) and University of Rijeka (IM) grants ( 18-211-1369 ). ELF is supported by the National Institutes of Health ( R01ES030049 ), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ( R01TS000289 ), and the University of Michigan NeuroNetwork (ELF) for Emerging Therapies. Funding Information: The paper was realized with the support of the AGING Project for Department of Excellence at the Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Universit? del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy (LM); with the contribution of Regione Lombardia, Italy, {"}POR FESR 2014?2020 resources Call HUB Ricerca Innovazione (CB). IM is supported by the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-2018-01-8563) and University of Rijeka (IM) grants (18-211-1369). ELF is supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01ES030049), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (R01TS000289), and the University of Michigan NeuroNetwork (ELF) for Emerging Therapies.EA is supported by Stichting ALS Nederland (EA). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.027",
language = "English",
volume = "127",
pages = "958--978",
journal = "Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews",
issn = "0149-7634",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}