Is prehospital blood transfusion effective and safe in haemorrhagic trauma patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tim W. H. Rijnhout, Kimberley E. Wever, Roy H. A. R. Marinus, Nico Hoogerwerf, Leo M. G. Geeraedts, Edward C. T. H. Tan

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleAcademicpeer-review

42 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Life-threatening haemorrhage accounts for 40% mortality in trauma patients worldwide. After bleeding control is achieved, circulating volume must be restored. Early in-hospital transfusion of blood components is already proven effective, but the scientific proof for the effectiveness of prehospital blood-component transfusion (PHBT) in trauma patients is still unclear. Objective: To systematically review the evidence for effectiveness and safety of PHBT to haemorrhagic trauma patients. Methods: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Pubmed were searched in the period from 1988 until August 1, 2018. Meta-analysis was performed for matched trauma patients receiving PHBT with the primary outcomes 24-hour mortality and long-term mortality. Secondary outcome measure was adverse events as a result of PHBT. Results: Trauma patients who received PHBT with simultaneous use of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and plasma showed a statistically significant reduction in long-term mortality (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36–0.71; P < 0.0001) but no difference in 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.17–1.34; P = 0.16). PHBT with individual use of pRBCs showed no difference in long-term mortality (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93–1.49; P = 0.17) or 24-hour mortality (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.46–1.85; P = 0.82). In a total of 1341 patients who received PHBT, 14 adverse events were reported 1.04%, 95% CI 0.57–1.75%. Conclusions: PHBT with simultaneous use of both pRBCs and plasma resulted in a significant reduction in the odds for long-term mortality. However, based on mainly poor quality evidence no hard conclusion can be drawn about a possible survival benefit for haemorrhagic trauma patients receiving PHBT. Overall, PHBT is safe but results of currently ongoing randomised controlled trials have to be awaited to demonstrate a survival benefit. Study type: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1017-1027
Number of pages11
JournalInjury
Volume50
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2019

Keywords

  • Blood components
  • Prehospital
  • Transfusion
  • Trauma

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