TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term trends in the consumption of sugary and diet soft drinks among adolescents
T2 - a cross-national survey in 21 European countries
AU - Chatelan, Angeline
AU - Lebacq, Thérésa
AU - Rouche, Manon
AU - Kelly, Colette
AU - Fismen, Anne Siri
AU - Kalman, Michal
AU - Dzielska, Anna
AU - Castetbon, Katia
N1 - Funding Information: HBSC is an international study carried out in collaboration with World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The International Coordinator was Jo Inchley (University of Glasgow) for the 2018 survey and Candace Currie (Glasgow Caledonian University) for the 2002 to 2014 surveys. The Data Bank Manager was Professor Oddrun Samdal (University of Bergen). The survey data included in this study were conducted by the following principal investigators in the 21 countries or regions: Austria (Rosemarie Felder-Puig and Wolfgang Dür), Flemish Belgium (Maxim Dierckens, Bart De Clercq, Carine Vereecken, Anne Hublet, and Lea Maes), French-speaking Belgium (Katia Castetbon, Isabelle Godin and Danielle Piette), Denmark (Mette Rasmussen and Pernille Due), England (Fiona Brooks, Ellen Klemera, and Antony Morgan), Finland (Jorma Tynjälä), France (Emmanuelle Godeau), Germany (Matthias Richter, Petra Kolip, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, and Klaus Hurrelmann), Greece (Anna Kokkevi), Iceland (Arsaell M. Arnarsson and Thoroddur Bjarnason), Ireland (Saoirse Nic Gabhainn and Michal Molcho), Italy (Franco Cavallo and Alessio Vieno), Luxembourg (Helmut Willems, Bechara Ziade and Yolande Wagener), the Netherlands (Gonneke Stevens, Saskia van Dorsselaer, Wilma Vollebergh, and Tom de Bogt), Portugal (Margarida Gaspar de Matos), Scotland (Jo Inchley and Candace Currie), Spain (Carmen Moreno), Sweden (Petra Löfstedt, Lilly Augustine, and Ulla Marklund), Switzerland (Marina Delgrande-Jordan, Hervé Kuendig, Emmanuel Kuntsche, and Holger Schmid), and Wales (Chris Roberts). For details, see http://www.hbsc.org. We thank Pierre-Alexandre Fonta for his support in interpreting the ridit-transformation formula. We thank Emma Holmberg for proofreading the article and correcting English grammar. Funding Information: HBSC is an international survey carried out in collaboration with the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The data collection for each HBSC survey is funded at the national level. The work related to this paper was possible thanks to financial support by the University of Lausanne, Switzerland (UNIL/CHUV mobility fellowship) and academic support by the Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, for AC’s postdoctoral fellowship. The funders had no role in the analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Purpose: To assess country-level trends in the prevalence of daily consumption of sugary (2002–2018) and diet (2006–2018) soft drinks among European adolescents, overall and by family material affluence. Methods: We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 data from the ‘Health Behaviour in School-aged Children’ survey. Nationally representative samples of adolescents completed a standardised questionnaire at school, including a short food frequency questionnaire (n = 530,976 and 21 countries for sugary soft drinks; n = 61,487 and 4 countries for diet soft drinks). We classified adolescents into three socioeconomic categories for each country and survey year, using the Family Affluence Scale. Multilevel logistic models estimated time trends, by country. Results: Sugary soft drinks: the prevalence of daily consumption (≥ 1×/day) declined in 21/21 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002). Absolute [range − 31.7 to − 3.4% points] and relative [range − 84.8 to − 22.3%] reductions varied considerably across countries, with the largest declines in Ireland, England and Norway. In 3/21 countries, the prevalence of daily consumption decreased more strongly in the most affluent adolescents than in the least affluent ones (P ≤ 0.002). Daily consumption was more prevalent among the least affluent adolescents in 11/21 countries in 2018 (P ≤ 0.002). Diet soft drinks: overall, daily consumption decreased over time in 4/4 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002), more largely among the most affluent adolescents in 1/4 country (P ≤ 0.002). Conclusions: Daily consumption of sugary and diet soft drinks in European adolescents decreased between 2002 (2006 for diet drinks) and 2018. Public health interventions should continue discouraging daily soft drink consumption, particularly among adolescents from lower socioeconomic groups.
AB - Purpose: To assess country-level trends in the prevalence of daily consumption of sugary (2002–2018) and diet (2006–2018) soft drinks among European adolescents, overall and by family material affluence. Methods: We used 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 data from the ‘Health Behaviour in School-aged Children’ survey. Nationally representative samples of adolescents completed a standardised questionnaire at school, including a short food frequency questionnaire (n = 530,976 and 21 countries for sugary soft drinks; n = 61,487 and 4 countries for diet soft drinks). We classified adolescents into three socioeconomic categories for each country and survey year, using the Family Affluence Scale. Multilevel logistic models estimated time trends, by country. Results: Sugary soft drinks: the prevalence of daily consumption (≥ 1×/day) declined in 21/21 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002). Absolute [range − 31.7 to − 3.4% points] and relative [range − 84.8 to − 22.3%] reductions varied considerably across countries, with the largest declines in Ireland, England and Norway. In 3/21 countries, the prevalence of daily consumption decreased more strongly in the most affluent adolescents than in the least affluent ones (P ≤ 0.002). Daily consumption was more prevalent among the least affluent adolescents in 11/21 countries in 2018 (P ≤ 0.002). Diet soft drinks: overall, daily consumption decreased over time in 4/4 countries (Plinear trends ≤ 0.002), more largely among the most affluent adolescents in 1/4 country (P ≤ 0.002). Conclusions: Daily consumption of sugary and diet soft drinks in European adolescents decreased between 2002 (2006 for diet drinks) and 2018. Public health interventions should continue discouraging daily soft drink consumption, particularly among adolescents from lower socioeconomic groups.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Artificially sweetened beverages
KW - Diet soft drinks
KW - Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study
KW - Socioeconomic inequalities in health
KW - Sodas
KW - Sugar-sweetened beverages
KW - Sugary soft drinks
KW - Trend analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126313256&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02851-w
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02851-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 35290478
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 61
SP - 2799
EP - 2813
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
IS - 5
ER -