TY - JOUR
T1 - Maxwell's equations explain why irreversible electroporation will not heat up a metal stent
AU - van der Geld, Cees W.M.
AU - van Gaalen, Ruben T.
AU - Scheffer, Hester J.
AU - Vogel, Jantien A.
AU - van den Bos, Willemien
AU - Meijerink, Martijn R.
AU - Besselink, Marc G.H.
AU - Verdaasdonk, Rudolf M.
AU - van Gemert, Martin J.C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/4/1
Y1 - 2021/4/1
N2 - Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a promising clinical ablation therapy for the treatment of cancer, but issues with the generation of heat must be solved before safe and effective clinical results can be obtained. In the present study, we show that a metal stent will not be noticeably heated up by IRE pulses under typical clinical conditions. Derivation of this non-intuitive result required the application of Maxwell's equations to the tissue-stent configuration. Subsequently, straightforward and arguably accurate simplifications of the electric field generated by two needles in tissue surrounding a metal stent have enabled the modeling of the heat generation and the transport of heat in IRE procedures. Close to a stent that is positioned in between two needles, temperatures in a typical run of 100 s, 1 Hz pulses, may remain notably lower than without the stent. This is the explanation of the experimentally observed low temperature rim of viable tissue around the stent, whereas all tissue was non-viable without stent, found in tissue model experiments.
AB - Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a promising clinical ablation therapy for the treatment of cancer, but issues with the generation of heat must be solved before safe and effective clinical results can be obtained. In the present study, we show that a metal stent will not be noticeably heated up by IRE pulses under typical clinical conditions. Derivation of this non-intuitive result required the application of Maxwell's equations to the tissue-stent configuration. Subsequently, straightforward and arguably accurate simplifications of the electric field generated by two needles in tissue surrounding a metal stent have enabled the modeling of the heat generation and the transport of heat in IRE procedures. Close to a stent that is positioned in between two needles, temperatures in a typical run of 100 s, 1 Hz pulses, may remain notably lower than without the stent. This is the explanation of the experimentally observed low temperature rim of viable tissue around the stent, whereas all tissue was non-viable without stent, found in tissue model experiments.
KW - Electric field
KW - Heat conduction
KW - Irreversible electroporation
KW - Stent
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100390564&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120962
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120962
M3 - Article
SN - 0017-9310
VL - 169
JO - International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
JF - International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
M1 - 120962
ER -