TY - JOUR
T1 - Morbidity and complications of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Ghana: Protocol for a longitudinal study
AU - Essuman, Vera Adobea
AU - Tagoe, Naa Naamuah
AU - Akpalu, Josephine
AU - Essuman, Akye
AU - Sackey, Adziri H.
AU - Hayfron-Benjamin, C. F.
AU - Asare, George
AU - Abaidoo, Benjamin
AU - Amoah, A. G. B.
AU - Ndanu, Thomas
AU - Ofori-Adjei, I. D. B.
AU - Barnes, N. A.
AU - Appiah-Thompson, B. L.
AU - Amoaku, Winfried M.
N1 - Funding Information: Results: Institutional approval from the Ethical and Protocol Review Committee of the University of Ghana Medical School was received on August 22, 2014 (Protocol Identification Number: MS-Et/M.12-P4.5/2013-2014). Funding for the project was received from the University of Ghana Research Fund (#UGRF/9/LMG-013/2015-2016) in March 2016. Patient recruitment, clinical examination, and data collection commenced in August 2016 and was completed in September 2019. A total of 58 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus have been recruited. Blood samples were stored at –80 °C for analysis, which was completed at the end of July 2020. Data analysis is ongoing and will be completed by the end of December 2020. Investigators plan to submit the results for publication by the end of February 2021. Conclusions: The prevalence, natural history, trends in diabetic complications and nondiabetic ocular disease, and QoL will be provided. Our data may inform policies and interventions to improve care given to children and adolescents with diabetes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/21440 Funding Information: Institutional approval from the Ethical and Protocol Review Committee of the University of Ghana Medical School was received on August 22, 2014 (protocol identification number: MS-Et/M.12-P4.5/2013-2014). Funding for the project was received from the University of Ghana Research Fund (#UGRF/9/LMG-013/2015-2016) in March 2016. Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the executives and members of Diabetes Youth Care-Ghana (DYC-Ghana), including all the children and adolescents with DM enrolled into the study and their caregivers for their support during the recruitment and examination processes. Special thanks to the staff of the Paediatric Eye Unit at the KBTH, staff of the Eye Department at the CCTH, and National Diabetes Management and Research Centre, all at KBTH, for their cooperation during the conduct of this study. This study received financial support from the University of Ghana Research Fund. Publisher Copyright: © Vera Adobea Essuman, Naa Naamuah Tagoe, Josephine Akpalu, Akye Essuman, Adziri H Sackey, CF Hayfron-Benjamin, George Asare, Benjamin Abaidoo, AGB Amoah, Thomas Ndanu, IDB Ofori-Adjei, NA Barnes, BL Appiah-Thompson, Winfried M Amoaku
PY - 2021/1/1
Y1 - 2021/1/1
N2 - Background: Diabetes is associated with premature morbidity and mortality from its many complications. There are limited data on the chronic complications of diabetes in children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The study aims to determine the (1) burden and related factors of chronic systemic complications of diabetes, including diabetic and nondiabetic ocular conditions in children and adolescents, and (2) quality of life (QoL) of participants compared to healthy controls. This manuscript describes the study methodology. Methods: Demographic information, medical history, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory characteristics were collected, and the participants were screened for microvascular and macrovascular complications as well as nondiabetic ocular disease. QoL questionnaires were administered to participants, their caregivers, and controls. Participants were followed up annually up to 3 years to determine the natural history of and trends in these conditions. SPSS Version 25.0 will be used for data analysis. Continuous and categorical data will be presented as mean (SD) and as percentages (%), respectively. t tests and analysis of variance will be used to compare means, and chi-square tests will be used to compare categorical data. Correlation, regression, and logistic regression analyses will be employed to establish linear associations and causal associations as appropriate. Relative risk and odds ratios will be used to estimate risk. QoL outcomes in Ghanaian children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus compared with caregivers and healthy controls will be assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory. Significance will be set at α=.05. Results: Institutional approval from the Ethical and Protocol Review Committee of the University of Ghana Medical School was received on August 22, 2014 (Protocol Identification Number: MS-Et/M.12-P4.5/2013-2014). Funding for the project was received from the University of Ghana Research Fund (#UGRF/9/LMG-013/2015-2016) in March 2016. Patient recruitment, clinical examination, and data collection commenced in August 2016 and was completed in September 2019. A total of 58 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus have been recruited. Blood samples were stored at -80 °C for analysis, which was completed at the end of July 2020. Data analysis is ongoing and will be completed by the end of December 2020. Investigators plan to submit the results for publication by the end of February 2021. Conclusions: The prevalence, natural history, trends in diabetic complications and nondiabetic ocular disease, and QoL will be provided. Our data may inform policies and interventions to improve care given to children and adolescents with diabetes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/21440.
AB - Background: Diabetes is associated with premature morbidity and mortality from its many complications. There are limited data on the chronic complications of diabetes in children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The study aims to determine the (1) burden and related factors of chronic systemic complications of diabetes, including diabetic and nondiabetic ocular conditions in children and adolescents, and (2) quality of life (QoL) of participants compared to healthy controls. This manuscript describes the study methodology. Methods: Demographic information, medical history, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory characteristics were collected, and the participants were screened for microvascular and macrovascular complications as well as nondiabetic ocular disease. QoL questionnaires were administered to participants, their caregivers, and controls. Participants were followed up annually up to 3 years to determine the natural history of and trends in these conditions. SPSS Version 25.0 will be used for data analysis. Continuous and categorical data will be presented as mean (SD) and as percentages (%), respectively. t tests and analysis of variance will be used to compare means, and chi-square tests will be used to compare categorical data. Correlation, regression, and logistic regression analyses will be employed to establish linear associations and causal associations as appropriate. Relative risk and odds ratios will be used to estimate risk. QoL outcomes in Ghanaian children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus compared with caregivers and healthy controls will be assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory. Significance will be set at α=.05. Results: Institutional approval from the Ethical and Protocol Review Committee of the University of Ghana Medical School was received on August 22, 2014 (Protocol Identification Number: MS-Et/M.12-P4.5/2013-2014). Funding for the project was received from the University of Ghana Research Fund (#UGRF/9/LMG-013/2015-2016) in March 2016. Patient recruitment, clinical examination, and data collection commenced in August 2016 and was completed in September 2019. A total of 58 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus have been recruited. Blood samples were stored at -80 °C for analysis, which was completed at the end of July 2020. Data analysis is ongoing and will be completed by the end of December 2020. Investigators plan to submit the results for publication by the end of February 2021. Conclusions: The prevalence, natural history, trends in diabetic complications and nondiabetic ocular disease, and QoL will be provided. Our data may inform policies and interventions to improve care given to children and adolescents with diabetes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/21440.
KW - Diabetes mellitus
KW - Macrovascular complications
KW - Microvascular
KW - Quality of life
KW - Type 1 diabetes
KW - Type 2 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099184157&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.2196/21440
DO - https://doi.org/10.2196/21440
M3 - Article
C2 - 33404517
SN - 1929-0748
VL - 10
JO - JMIR research protocols
JF - JMIR research protocols
IS - 1
M1 - e21440
ER -