Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease

Romain Marignier; Yael Hacohen; Alvaro Cobo-Calvo; Anne-Katrin Pröbstel; Orhan Aktas; Harry Alexopoulos; Maria-Pia Amato; Nasrin Asgari; Brenda Banwell; Jeffrey Bennett; Fabienne Brilot; Marco Capobianco; Tanuja Chitnis; Olga Ciccarelli; Kumaran Deiva; J. rôme de Sèze; Kazuo Fujihara; Anu Jacob; Ho Jin Kim; Ingo Kleiter; Hans Lassmann; Maria-Isabel Leite; Christopher Linington; Edgar Meinl; Jacqueline Palace; Friedemann Paul; Axel Petzold; Sean Pittock; Markus Reindl; Douglas Kazutoshi Sato; Krzysztof Selmaj; Aksel Siva; Bruno Stankoff; Mar Tintore; Anthony Traboulsee; Patrick Waters; Emmanuelle Waubant; Brian Weinshenker; Tobias Derfuss; Sandra Vukusic; Bernhard Hemmer

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0

Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease

Romain Marignier, Yael Hacohen, Alvaro Cobo-Calvo, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel, Orhan Aktas, Harry Alexopoulos, Maria-Pia Amato, Nasrin Asgari, Brenda Banwell, Jeffrey Bennett, Fabienne Brilot, Marco Capobianco, Tanuja Chitnis, Olga Ciccarelli, Kumaran Deiva, J. rôme de Sèze, Kazuo Fujihara, Anu Jacob, Ho Jin Kim, Ingo KleiterHans Lassmann, Maria-Isabel Leite, Christopher Linington, Edgar Meinl, Jacqueline Palace, Friedemann Paul, Axel Petzold, Sean Pittock, Markus Reindl, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, Krzysztof Selmaj, Aksel Siva, Bruno Stankoff, Mar Tintore, Anthony Traboulsee, Patrick Waters, Emmanuelle Waubant, Brian Weinshenker, Tobias Derfuss, Sandra Vukusic, Bernhard Hemmer

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Academic › peer-review

242 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently identified autoimmune disorder that presents in both adults and children as CNS demyelination. Although there are clinical phenotypic overlaps between MOGAD, multiple sclerosis, and aquaporin-4 antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cumulative biological, clinical, and pathological evidence discriminates between these conditions. Patients should not be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or NMOSD if they have anti-MOG antibodies in their serum. However, many questions related to the clinical characterisation of MOGAD and pathogenetic role of MOG antibodies are still unanswered. Furthermore, therapy is mainly based on standard protocols for aquaporin-4 antibody-associated NMOSD and multiple sclerosis, and more evidence is needed regarding how and when to treat patients with MOGAD.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	762-772
Number of pages	11
Journal	The Lancet Neurology
Volume	20
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2021

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https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0

Cite this

Marignier, R., Hacohen, Y., Cobo-Calvo, A., Pröbstel, A.-K., Aktas, O., Alexopoulos, H., Amato, M.-P., Asgari, N., Banwell, B., Bennett, J., Brilot, F., Capobianco, M., Chitnis, T., Ciccarelli, O., Deiva, K., de Sèze, J. R., Fujihara, K., Jacob, A., Kim, H. J., ... Hemmer, B. (2021). Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. The Lancet Neurology, 20(9), 762-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0

@article{d937fbba60df49668daf40b8464d72f9,

title = "Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease",

abstract = "Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently identified autoimmune disorder that presents in both adults and children as CNS demyelination. Although there are clinical phenotypic overlaps between MOGAD, multiple sclerosis, and aquaporin-4 antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cumulative biological, clinical, and pathological evidence discriminates between these conditions. Patients should not be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or NMOSD if they have anti-MOG antibodies in their serum. However, many questions related to the clinical characterisation of MOGAD and pathogenetic role of MOG antibodies are still unanswered. Furthermore, therapy is mainly based on standard protocols for aquaporin-4 antibody-associated NMOSD and multiple sclerosis, and more evidence is needed regarding how and when to treat patients with MOGAD.",

author = "Romain Marignier and Yael Hacohen and Alvaro Cobo-Calvo and Anne-Katrin Pr{\"o}bstel and Orhan Aktas and Harry Alexopoulos and Maria-Pia Amato and Nasrin Asgari and Brenda Banwell and Jeffrey Bennett and Fabienne Brilot and Marco Capobianco and Tanuja Chitnis and Olga Ciccarelli and Kumaran Deiva and {de S{\`e}ze}, {J. r{\^o}me} and Kazuo Fujihara and Anu Jacob and Kim, {Ho Jin} and Ingo Kleiter and Hans Lassmann and Maria-Isabel Leite and Christopher Linington and Edgar Meinl and Jacqueline Palace and Friedemann Paul and Axel Petzold and Sean Pittock and Markus Reindl and Sato, {Douglas Kazutoshi} and Krzysztof Selmaj and Aksel Siva and Bruno Stankoff and Mar Tintore and Anthony Traboulsee and Patrick Waters and Emmanuelle Waubant and Brian Weinshenker and Tobias Derfuss and Sandra Vukusic and Bernhard Hemmer",

note = "Funding Information: RM reports personal fees from Viela Bio, Roche, and UCB; and non-financial support from Viela Bio, Merck, Biogen, and Roche, outside the submitted work. AC-C reports funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) JR19/00007. A-KP reports grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the European Research Council, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the ProPatient Foundation, the Goldschmidt-Jacobson-Foundation, and intramural Funding from the University of Basel and personal fees (used for research) from Biogen. OA reports grants from German Research Foundation, German Ministry of Education and Research, Roche, Novartis, and Biogen; and personal fees from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Teva, and Viela Bio, outside the submitted work. M-PA reports grants Merck, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, from Teva, Roche, and Novartis; and person fees from Merck, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, from Teva, Roche, and Novartis outside the submitted work. BB reports personal fees from Novartis, outside the submitted work. JB reports personal fees from Roche, Genentech, Viela Bio, Chugai Pharm, Alexion, Novartis, Genzyme, Teva Neuroscience, EMD Serono, Frequency Therapeutics, Equillium, Clene Nanoscience, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, and Reistone Bio; grants from Novartis, EMD Serono, National Institutes of Health, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, and National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, outside the submitted work; and has a patent Aquaporumab, issued. FB reports grants from the Australian National Health Research Medical Council and the University of Sydney Research Excellence Initiative; personal fees from Biogen and Merck, outside the submitted work. TC reports consulting fees from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Sanofi, Bayer, Celgene, and Genentech; grants from Novartis, Octave Bioscience, EMD Serono, and Verily Life Sciences; all outside the submitted work. OC reports grants from Spinal Cord Research Foundation, Rosetrees Trust, Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance, Bioclinica and GeNeuro, EU-H2020, UK Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, and National Institute for Health Research Research Professorship; and serves as a consultant for Merck, Novartis, and Roche; and receives an honorarium from the American Academy of Neurology as Associate Editor of Neurology. KD reports personal fees from Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck; and non-financial support from Novartis, outside the submitted work. KF reports grants from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Japan, and Ministry of Health, Wellfare and Labor of Japan, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Chugai/Roche, Alexion, Viela Bio, AsahiKasei Medical, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Biogen/Eisai, Novartis, Teijin, Bayer, Ono, Nihon Pharmaceutical, and Takeda, outside the submitted work; and personal fees from UCB during the conduct of the study. HJK reports grants from National Research Foundation of Korea, Aprilbio; personal fees from Alexion, Aprilbio, Celltrion, Eisai, HanAll BioPharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva-Handok, and Viela Bio. M-IL is funded by the UK National Health Service National Specialised Commissioning Group for Neuromyelitis optica and the UK NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; has been awarded research grants from The Myaware and University of Oxford; received speaker honoraria or travel grants from Biogen Idec, Novartis, and the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation; and serves on scientific or educational advisory boards for UCB, Argenx, and Viela Bio. MC reports personal fees from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Novartis, and Roche; and non-financial support from Merck, Sanofi, and Roche, outside the submitted work. IK reports personal fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Sanofi Genzyme, Roche, Mylan, Alexion, Celgene, Chugai, and IQVIA; and grants from Chugai, outside the submitted work. HL reports personal fees from Biogen, Merck, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, and MedDay, outside the submitted work. EM reports personal fees from Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, Bioeq, Merck, and Biogen; and grants from Sanofi, Merck, and Novartis, outside the submitted work. JP reports grants from Merck Serono, Chugai, Medlmmum, Alexion, and ABIDE; personal fees from Merck Serono, Teva, Chugai, MedImmun, Alexion, Novartis, Roche, ABIDE, MedDay, ARGENX, Mitsubushi, UCB, and Viela Bio, outside the submitted work; and has a patent Isis: Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, issued, and a patent Know-how from the Numares Collaboration, pending. FP receives honoraria for lecturing, and travel expenses for attending meetings from Guthy-Jackson Foundation, Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Alexion, Viela Bio, Roche, UCB, Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Celgene; and research funding from the German Ministry for Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Einstein Foundation, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, EU FP7 Framework Program, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Bayer, Alexion, Roche, Parexel and Almirall. AP reports personal fees from Novartis, Heidelberg Engineering, and Zeiss; and grants from Novartis, outside the submitted work; and is part of the steering committee of the OCTiMS study which is sponsored by Novartis and the ANGI network which is sponsored by ZEISS (he has not received honoraria for these activities). AP is supported by the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre based at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health. SP reports grants from Grifols, NIH, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance, MedImmune, UCB, and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work; and has a patent (Patent# 8,889,102, Application#12–678350) Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantibodies as a Marker for Neoplasia, issued, a patent (Patent# 9 891 219B2, Application#12–573942) Methods for Treating Neuromyelitis Optica by Administration of Eculizumab to an individual that is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG Autoantibody positive, issued, a patent GFAP-IgG, pending, a patent Septin-5-IgG, pending, a patent MAP1B-IgG, pending, a patent Kelch-like protein 11, pending, and a patent PDE10A, pending. MR reports grants from Euroimmun and Roche, during the conduct of the study; and The University Hospital and Medical University of Innsbruck (Austria; employer of MR) receives payments for antibody assays (MOG, AQP4, and other autoantibodies). DKS reports grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico, Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, TEVA, and Merck; and personal fees from TEVA, Merck, Biogen, Roche, and Viela Bio, outside the submitted work. KS reports personal fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Celgene, and TG Therapeutics; and grants from Merck and Roche, outside the submitted work. AS reports personal fees from F Hoffmann-La Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, Merck-Serono, Teva, and Biogen Idec/Gen Pharma of Turkey; and non-financial support from F Hoffmann-La Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme, outside the submitted work. BS has received research grants from Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche, and Merck-Serono, and personal fees for lectures from Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Teva, Biogen and Novartis. MT reports personal fees from Almirall, Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen-Idec, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Viela Bio, and Teva Pharmaceuticals; and grants from Biogen-Idec and Genzyme, outside the submitted work. AT reports grants from Roche and personal fees from Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, EMD Serono, Teva, and Biogen, outside the submitted work. PW reports personal fees from Alexion, F Hoffmann La-Roche, and BC Neuroimmunology, outside the submitted work; and has a patent Antibodies in Autoimmune Neurology, with royalties paid. EW reports personal fees from DBV, Jazz Pharma, and Emerald, outside the submitted work. BW reports personal fees from RSR, Oxford University, Hospices Civil de Lyon, and MVZ Labor PD Dr Volkmann und Kollegen; personal fees from Viela Bio, Alexion, Roche Group (includes Genentech and Chugai), Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Roivant, outside the submitted work; and has a patent NMO-IgG (AQP4-IgG) for diagnosis of NMOSD, with royalties paid. TD reports grants from Novartis, Biogen, and Roche; and financial compensation to his institution for activities on advisory boards, steering committees, or data safety monitoring boards from Alexion, Actelion, Novartis, Merck, Biogen, Genzyme, GeNeuro, Mitsubishi Pharma, Roche, Celgene, and MedDay. TD's wife is an employee of Novartis and holds stock options of Novartis. SV reports grants from Biogen, MedDay, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi-Genzyme; personal fees from Biogen, Celgene, MedDay, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva; and non-financial support from Biogen, MedDay, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi-Genzyme, outside the submitted work. BH reports personal fees from Desitin, Novartis, Allergy Care, and TG Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: The workshop was sponsored by European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis. We thank Ines Brunkow for technical assistance in preparing and organising the workshop. We dedicate this report to our dear colleague and friend Rogier Hintzen, who sadly passed away shortly after the workshop. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

pages = "762--772",

journal = "The Lancet Neurology",

issn = "1474-4422",

publisher = "Lancet Publishing Group",

number = "9",

}

Marignier, R, Hacohen, Y, Cobo-Calvo, A, Pröbstel, A-K, Aktas, O, Alexopoulos, H, Amato, M-P, Asgari, N, Banwell, B, Bennett, J, Brilot, F, Capobianco, M, Chitnis, T, Ciccarelli, O, Deiva, K, de Sèze, JR, Fujihara, K, Jacob, A, Kim, HJ, Kleiter, I, Lassmann, H, Leite, M-I, Linington, C, Meinl, E, Palace, J, Paul, F, Petzold, A, Pittock, S, Reindl, M, Sato, DK, Selmaj, K, Siva, A, Stankoff, B, Tintore, M, Traboulsee, A, Waters, P, Waubant, E, Weinshenker, B, Derfuss, T, Vukusic, S & Hemmer, B 2021, 'Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease', The Lancet Neurology, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 762-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease

AU - Marignier, Romain

AU - Hacohen, Yael

AU - Cobo-Calvo, Alvaro

AU - Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin

AU - Aktas, Orhan

AU - Alexopoulos, Harry

AU - Amato, Maria-Pia

AU - Asgari, Nasrin

AU - Banwell, Brenda

AU - Bennett, Jeffrey

AU - Brilot, Fabienne

AU - Capobianco, Marco

AU - Chitnis, Tanuja

AU - Ciccarelli, Olga

AU - Deiva, Kumaran

AU - de Sèze, J. rôme

AU - Fujihara, Kazuo

AU - Jacob, Anu

AU - Kim, Ho Jin

AU - Kleiter, Ingo

AU - Lassmann, Hans

AU - Leite, Maria-Isabel

AU - Linington, Christopher

AU - Meinl, Edgar

AU - Palace, Jacqueline

AU - Paul, Friedemann

AU - Petzold, Axel

AU - Pittock, Sean

AU - Reindl, Markus

AU - Sato, Douglas Kazutoshi

AU - Selmaj, Krzysztof

AU - Siva, Aksel

AU - Stankoff, Bruno

AU - Tintore, Mar

AU - Traboulsee, Anthony

AU - Waters, Patrick

AU - Waubant, Emmanuelle

AU - Weinshenker, Brian

AU - Derfuss, Tobias

AU - Vukusic, Sandra

AU - Hemmer, Bernhard

N1 - Funding Information: RM reports personal fees from Viela Bio, Roche, and UCB; and non-financial support from Viela Bio, Merck, Biogen, and Roche, outside the submitted work. AC-C reports funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) JR19/00007. A-KP reports grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the European Research Council, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the ProPatient Foundation, the Goldschmidt-Jacobson-Foundation, and intramural Funding from the University of Basel and personal fees (used for research) from Biogen. OA reports grants from German Research Foundation, German Ministry of Education and Research, Roche, Novartis, and Biogen; and personal fees from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Teva, and Viela Bio, outside the submitted work. M-PA reports grants Merck, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, from Teva, Roche, and Novartis; and person fees from Merck, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, from Teva, Roche, and Novartis outside the submitted work. BB reports personal fees from Novartis, outside the submitted work. JB reports personal fees from Roche, Genentech, Viela Bio, Chugai Pharm, Alexion, Novartis, Genzyme, Teva Neuroscience, EMD Serono, Frequency Therapeutics, Equillium, Clene Nanoscience, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, and Reistone Bio; grants from Novartis, EMD Serono, National Institutes of Health, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, and National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, outside the submitted work; and has a patent Aquaporumab, issued. FB reports grants from the Australian National Health Research Medical Council and the University of Sydney Research Excellence Initiative; personal fees from Biogen and Merck, outside the submitted work. TC reports consulting fees from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Sanofi, Bayer, Celgene, and Genentech; grants from Novartis, Octave Bioscience, EMD Serono, and Verily Life Sciences; all outside the submitted work. OC reports grants from Spinal Cord Research Foundation, Rosetrees Trust, Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance, Bioclinica and GeNeuro, EU-H2020, UK Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, and National Institute for Health Research Research Professorship; and serves as a consultant for Merck, Novartis, and Roche; and receives an honorarium from the American Academy of Neurology as Associate Editor of Neurology. KD reports personal fees from Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck; and non-financial support from Novartis, outside the submitted work. KF reports grants from Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Japan, and Ministry of Health, Wellfare and Labor of Japan, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Chugai/Roche, Alexion, Viela Bio, AsahiKasei Medical, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Biogen/Eisai, Novartis, Teijin, Bayer, Ono, Nihon Pharmaceutical, and Takeda, outside the submitted work; and personal fees from UCB during the conduct of the study. HJK reports grants from National Research Foundation of Korea, Aprilbio; personal fees from Alexion, Aprilbio, Celltrion, Eisai, HanAll BioPharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva-Handok, and Viela Bio. M-IL is funded by the UK National Health Service National Specialised Commissioning Group for Neuromyelitis optica and the UK NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; has been awarded research grants from The Myaware and University of Oxford; received speaker honoraria or travel grants from Biogen Idec, Novartis, and the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation; and serves on scientific or educational advisory boards for UCB, Argenx, and Viela Bio. MC reports personal fees from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Novartis, and Roche; and non-financial support from Merck, Sanofi, and Roche, outside the submitted work. IK reports personal fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Sanofi Genzyme, Roche, Mylan, Alexion, Celgene, Chugai, and IQVIA; and grants from Chugai, outside the submitted work. HL reports personal fees from Biogen, Merck, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, and MedDay, outside the submitted work. EM reports personal fees from Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, Bioeq, Merck, and Biogen; and grants from Sanofi, Merck, and Novartis, outside the submitted work. JP reports grants from Merck Serono, Chugai, Medlmmum, Alexion, and ABIDE; personal fees from Merck Serono, Teva, Chugai, MedImmun, Alexion, Novartis, Roche, ABIDE, MedDay, ARGENX, Mitsubushi, UCB, and Viela Bio, outside the submitted work; and has a patent Isis: Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, issued, and a patent Know-how from the Numares Collaboration, pending. FP receives honoraria for lecturing, and travel expenses for attending meetings from Guthy-Jackson Foundation, Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Alexion, Viela Bio, Roche, UCB, Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Celgene; and research funding from the German Ministry for Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Einstein Foundation, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, EU FP7 Framework Program, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Bayer, Alexion, Roche, Parexel and Almirall. AP reports personal fees from Novartis, Heidelberg Engineering, and Zeiss; and grants from Novartis, outside the submitted work; and is part of the steering committee of the OCTiMS study which is sponsored by Novartis and the ANGI network which is sponsored by ZEISS (he has not received honoraria for these activities). AP is supported by the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre based at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health. SP reports grants from Grifols, NIH, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance, MedImmune, UCB, and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work; and has a patent (Patent# 8,889,102, Application#12–678350) Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantibodies as a Marker for Neoplasia, issued, a patent (Patent# 9 891 219B2, Application#12–573942) Methods for Treating Neuromyelitis Optica by Administration of Eculizumab to an individual that is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG Autoantibody positive, issued, a patent GFAP-IgG, pending, a patent Septin-5-IgG, pending, a patent MAP1B-IgG, pending, a patent Kelch-like protein 11, pending, and a patent PDE10A, pending. MR reports grants from Euroimmun and Roche, during the conduct of the study; and The University Hospital and Medical University of Innsbruck (Austria; employer of MR) receives payments for antibody assays (MOG, AQP4, and other autoantibodies). DKS reports grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, TEVA, and Merck; and personal fees from TEVA, Merck, Biogen, Roche, and Viela Bio, outside the submitted work. KS reports personal fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Celgene, and TG Therapeutics; and grants from Merck and Roche, outside the submitted work. AS reports personal fees from F Hoffmann-La Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, Merck-Serono, Teva, and Biogen Idec/Gen Pharma of Turkey; and non-financial support from F Hoffmann-La Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme, outside the submitted work. BS has received research grants from Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche, and Merck-Serono, and personal fees for lectures from Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Teva, Biogen and Novartis. MT reports personal fees from Almirall, Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen-Idec, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Viela Bio, and Teva Pharmaceuticals; and grants from Biogen-Idec and Genzyme, outside the submitted work. AT reports grants from Roche and personal fees from Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, EMD Serono, Teva, and Biogen, outside the submitted work. PW reports personal fees from Alexion, F Hoffmann La-Roche, and BC Neuroimmunology, outside the submitted work; and has a patent Antibodies in Autoimmune Neurology, with royalties paid. EW reports personal fees from DBV, Jazz Pharma, and Emerald, outside the submitted work. BW reports personal fees from RSR, Oxford University, Hospices Civil de Lyon, and MVZ Labor PD Dr Volkmann und Kollegen; personal fees from Viela Bio, Alexion, Roche Group (includes Genentech and Chugai), Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Roivant, outside the submitted work; and has a patent NMO-IgG (AQP4-IgG) for diagnosis of NMOSD, with royalties paid. TD reports grants from Novartis, Biogen, and Roche; and financial compensation to his institution for activities on advisory boards, steering committees, or data safety monitoring boards from Alexion, Actelion, Novartis, Merck, Biogen, Genzyme, GeNeuro, Mitsubishi Pharma, Roche, Celgene, and MedDay. TD's wife is an employee of Novartis and holds stock options of Novartis. SV reports grants from Biogen, MedDay, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi-Genzyme; personal fees from Biogen, Celgene, MedDay, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva; and non-financial support from Biogen, MedDay, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi-Genzyme, outside the submitted work. BH reports personal fees from Desitin, Novartis, Allergy Care, and TG Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: The workshop was sponsored by European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis. We thank Ines Brunkow for technical assistance in preparing and organising the workshop. We dedicate this report to our dear colleague and friend Rogier Hintzen, who sadly passed away shortly after the workshop. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/9/1

Y1 - 2021/9/1

N2 - Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently identified autoimmune disorder that presents in both adults and children as CNS demyelination. Although there are clinical phenotypic overlaps between MOGAD, multiple sclerosis, and aquaporin-4 antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cumulative biological, clinical, and pathological evidence discriminates between these conditions. Patients should not be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or NMOSD if they have anti-MOG antibodies in their serum. However, many questions related to the clinical characterisation of MOGAD and pathogenetic role of MOG antibodies are still unanswered. Furthermore, therapy is mainly based on standard protocols for aquaporin-4 antibody-associated NMOSD and multiple sclerosis, and more evidence is needed regarding how and when to treat patients with MOGAD.

AB - Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently identified autoimmune disorder that presents in both adults and children as CNS demyelination. Although there are clinical phenotypic overlaps between MOGAD, multiple sclerosis, and aquaporin-4 antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) cumulative biological, clinical, and pathological evidence discriminates between these conditions. Patients should not be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or NMOSD if they have anti-MOG antibodies in their serum. However, many questions related to the clinical characterisation of MOGAD and pathogenetic role of MOG antibodies are still unanswered. Furthermore, therapy is mainly based on standard protocols for aquaporin-4 antibody-associated NMOSD and multiple sclerosis, and more evidence is needed regarding how and when to treat patients with MOGAD.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112781810&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0

DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00218-0

M3 - Review article

SN - 1474-4422

VL - 20

SP - 762

EP - 772

JO - The Lancet Neurology

JF - The Lancet Neurology

IS - 9

ER -

Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease

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