Novel pattern of editing regions in mitochondrial transcripts of the cryptobiid Trypanoplasma borreli

In mitochondria of Kinetoplastida belonging to the suborder Trypanosomatina, the nucleotide sequence of transcripts is post-transcriptionally edited via insertion and deletion of uridylate residues. In order to shed more light on the evolutionary history of this process we have searched for editing in mitochondrial RNAs of Trypanoplasma borreli, an organism belonging to the suborder Bodonina. We have cloned and sequenced a 5.3 kb fragment derived from a 37 kb mitochondrial DNA molecule which does not appear to be a part of a network structure and have found genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase (cox) subunit 1, cox 2 and apocytochrome (cyt) b, and genes encoding the small and large subunit mitoribosomal RNAs. The order in which these genes occur is completely different from that of trypanosomatid maxicircle genes. The 5' and 3' termini of both the cytb and cox1 gene are cryptic, the protein coding sequences being created by extensive insertion/deletion of Us in the corresponding mRNA sections. Phylogenetic analyses of the protein and ribosomal RNA sequences demonstrated that the separation between T.borreli and Trypanosomatina was an early event, implying that U-insertion/deletion processes are ancient. Different patterns of editing have persisted in different lineages, however, since editing of cox1 RNA and of relatively small 3'-terminal RNA sections is not found in trypanosomatids. In contrast, cox2 RNA which is edited in trypanosomatids by the insertion of four Us, is unedited in T.borreli