TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical activity and dietary composition relate to differences in gut microbial patterns in a multi-ethnic cohort—the helius study
AU - Houttu, Veera
AU - Boulund, Ulrika
AU - Nicolaou, Mary
AU - Holleboom, Adriaan Georgius
AU - Grefhorst, Aldo
AU - Galenkamp, Henrike
AU - van den Born, Bert-Jan
AU - Zwinderman, Koos
AU - Nieuwdorp, Max
N1 - Funding Information: Funding: The HELIUS study is being conducted by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, located at the AMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam; both organizations provide core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the European Union (FP-7), and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813781 ITN BestTreat (by which V.H. and U.B. are appointed). A.H. is supported by the personal Amsterdam UMC Fellowship grant, Health~Holland TKI-PPP grants and by research grants from Gilead and Novo Nordisk. M.N. (Max Nieuwdorp) is supported by the personal ZONMW VICI grant 2020 [09150182010020]. Funding Information: The HELIUS study is being conducted by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, located at the AMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam; both organizations provide core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the European Union (FP-7), and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). This work has received funding from the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie grant agreement No 813781 ITN BestTreat (by which V.H. and U.B. are appointed). A.H. is supported by the personal Amsterdam UMC Fellowship grant, Health~Holland TKI-PPP grants and by research grants from Gilead and Novo Nordisk. M.N. (Max Nieuwdorp) is supported by the personal ZONMW VICI grant 2020 [09150182010020]. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Physical activity (PA) at recommended levels contributes to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the composition of the gut microbiota is strongly intertwined with dietary intake, the specific effect of exercise on the gut microbiota is not known. Moreover, multiple other factors, such as ethnicity, influence the composition of the gut microbiota, and this may be derived by distinct diet as well as PA patterns. Here we aim to untangle the associations between PA and the gut microbiota in a sample (n = 1334) from the Healthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) multi-ethnic cohort. The associations of different food groups and gut microbiota were also analyzed. PA was monitored using subjective (n = 1309) and objective (n = 162) methods, and dietary intake was assessed with ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the functional composition was generated with the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2). Associations were assessed using multivariable and machine learning models. In this cohort, a distinct gut microbiota composition was associated with meeting the Dutch PA norm as well as with dietary intake, e.g., grains. PA related parameters such as muscle strength and calf circumference correlated with gut microbiota diversity. Furthermore, gut microbial functionality differed between active and sedentary groups. Differential representation of ethnicities in active and sedentary groups in both monitor methods hampered the detection of ethnic-specific effects. In conclusion, both PA and dietary intake were associated with gut microbiota composition in our multi-ethnic cohort. Future studies should further elucidate the role of ethnicity and diet in this association.
AB - Physical activity (PA) at recommended levels contributes to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the composition of the gut microbiota is strongly intertwined with dietary intake, the specific effect of exercise on the gut microbiota is not known. Moreover, multiple other factors, such as ethnicity, influence the composition of the gut microbiota, and this may be derived by distinct diet as well as PA patterns. Here we aim to untangle the associations between PA and the gut microbiota in a sample (n = 1334) from the Healthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) multi-ethnic cohort. The associations of different food groups and gut microbiota were also analyzed. PA was monitored using subjective (n = 1309) and objective (n = 162) methods, and dietary intake was assessed with ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the functional composition was generated with the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2). Associations were assessed using multivariable and machine learning models. In this cohort, a distinct gut microbiota composition was associated with meeting the Dutch PA norm as well as with dietary intake, e.g., grains. PA related parameters such as muscle strength and calf circumference correlated with gut microbiota diversity. Furthermore, gut microbial functionality differed between active and sedentary groups. Differential representation of ethnicities in active and sedentary groups in both monitor methods hampered the detection of ethnic-specific effects. In conclusion, both PA and dietary intake were associated with gut microbiota composition in our multi-ethnic cohort. Future studies should further elucidate the role of ethnicity and diet in this association.
KW - Calf circumfer-ence
KW - Creatinine
KW - Creatinine kinase
KW - Cross-sectional
KW - Diet
KW - Gut microbiota
KW - Multi-ethnic population
KW - Muscle strength
KW - Physical activity
KW - The HELIUS study
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85121755248&origin=inward
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940616
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121755248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120858
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120858
M3 - Article
C2 - 34940616
SN - 2218-1989
VL - 11
JO - Metabolites
JF - Metabolites
IS - 12
M1 - 858
ER -