@article{808f0374c454415992232ac6c06934cf,
title = "Precision medicine in acute respiratory distress syndrome: workshop report and recommendations for future research",
abstract = "Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating critical illness that can be triggered by a wide range of insults and remains associated with a high mortality of around 40%. The search for targeted treatment for ARDS has been disappointing, possibly due to the enormous heterogeneity within the syndrome. In this perspective from the European Respiratory Society research seminar on {"}Precision medicine in ARDS{"}, we will summarise the current evidence for heterogeneity, explore the evidence in favour of precision medicine and provide a roadmap for further research in ARDS. There is evident variation in the presentation of ARDS on three distinct levels: 1) aetiological; 2) physiological and 3) biological, which leads us to the conclusion that there is no typical ARDS. The lack of a common presentation implies that intervention studies in patients with ARDS need to be phenotype aware and apply a precision medicine approach in order to avoid the lack of success in therapeutic trials that we faced in recent decades. Deeper phenotyping and integrative analysis of the sources of variation might result in identification of additional treatable traits that represent specific pathobiological mechanisms, or so-called endotypes.",
author = "Bos, {Lieuwe D. J.} and Antonio Artigas and Jean-Michel Constantin and Hagens, {Laura A.} and Nanon Heijnen and Laffey, {John G.} and Nuala Meyer and Laurent Papazian and Lara Pisani and Schultz, {Marcus J.} and Manu Shankar-Hari and Smit, {Marry R.} and Charlotte Summers and Ware, {Lorraine B.} and Raffaele Scala and Calfee, {Carolyn S.}",
note = "Funding Information: Conflict of interest: L.D.J. Bos reports grants from the Dutch Lung Foundation (Young investigator grant), the Dutch Lung Foundation and Health Holland (Public–Private Partnership grant) and the Dutch Lung Foundation (Dirkje Postma Award), and grants from IMI COVID19 imitative and Amsterdam UMC Fellowship, outside the submitted work. A. Artigas reports grants from Grifols and Fisher & Paykel, and personal fees from Grifols, outside the submitted work. J-M. Constantin has nothing to disclose. L.A. Hagens has nothing to disclose. N. Heijnen has nothing to disclose. J.G. Laffey reports grants from Science Foundation Ireland and Health Research Board Ireland, outside the submitted work. N. Meyer reports grants from National Institutes of Health, outside the submitted work. L. Papazian has nothing to disclose. L. Pisani reports personal fees from Fisher & Paykel, outside the submitted work. M.J. Schultz has nothing to disclose. M. Shankar-Hari has nothing to disclose. M.R. Smit has nothing to disclose. C. Summers reports grants from GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. L.B. Ware reports grants from National Institutes of Health, during the conduct of the study; other funding from CSL Behring, Genentech and Global Blood Therapeutics, and personal fees from Merck, Bayer and Quark, outside the submitted work. R. Scala has nothing to disclose. C. Calfee reports grants from NIH, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Roche/ Genentech and Bayer, personal fees from Quark Pharmaceuticals, Prometic, Gen1e Life Sciences and Vasomune, outside the submitted work. Funding Information: Support statement: Funding has been received from the Amsterdam UMC Fellowship. L.D.J. Bos is supported by the Dutch Lung Foundation (Longfonds) through the Young Investigator Award, the Dirkje Postma Award and a public– private partnership grant. M. Shankar-Hari is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist Award (CS-2016-16-011). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Dept of Health and Social Care. C. Calfee is supported, in part, by NIH HL140026. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} ERS 2021. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
day = "31",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0317-2020",
language = "English",
volume = "30",
pages = "1--11",
journal = "European Respiratory Review",
issn = "0905-9180",
publisher = "European Respiratory Society",
number = "159",
}