Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Clinical Characterization and Predictors of Progression

Marleen van de Beek, Inger van Steenoven, Jessica J. van der Zande, Frederik Barkhof, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Afina W. Lemstra

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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine clinical characteristics, cognitive decline, and predictors for time to dementia in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-LB) compared with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD). Methods: We included 73 MCI-LB patients (12% female; 68 ± 6 years; Mini Mental State Examination, 27 ± 2) and 124 MCI-AD patients (48% female; 68 ± 7 years; Mini Mental State Examination, 27 ± 2) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. Follow-up was available for 61 MCI-LB patients and all MCI-AD patients (3 ± 2 years). We evaluated dementia with Lewy bodies core features, neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver burden (Zarit caregiver burden interview), MRI, apolipoprotein genotype, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (tau/Aβ1–42 ratio). Longitudinal outcome measures included cognitive slopes (memory, attention, executive functions, and language and visuospatial functions) and time to dementia. Results: Parkinsonism was the most frequently present core feature in MCI-LB (69%). MCI-LB patients more often had neuropsychiatric symptoms and scored higher on ZARIT when compared with the MCI-AD patients. Linear mixed models showed that at baseline, MCI-LB patients performed worse on nonmemory cognitive domains, whereas memory performance was worse in MCI-AD patients. Over time, MCI-LB patients declined faster on attention, whereas MCI-AD patients declined faster on the Mini Mental State Examination and memory. Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that in the MCI-LB patients, lower attention (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.3) and more posterior cortical atrophy (HR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5–5.8) predicted shorter time to dementia. In the MCI-AD patients, worse performance on memory (HR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2) and executive functions (HR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.6) were independently associated with time to Alzheimer's dementia. Conclusion: MCI-LB patients have distinct neuropsychiatric and cognitive profiles with prominent decline in attention when compared with MCI-AD patients. Our results highlight the importance of early diagnosis because symptoms already have an impact in the prodromal stages.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)859-867
Number of pages9
JournalMovement disorders
Volume35
Issue number5
Early online date1 Jan 2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2020

Keywords

  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
  • dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)

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