TY - JOUR
T1 - Psychometric properties of an innovative smartphone application to investigate the daily impact of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
T2 - The Hypo-METRICS app
AU - Søholm, Uffe
AU - Broadley, Melanie
AU - Zaremba, Natalie
AU - Divilly, Patrick
AU - Nefs, Giesje
AU - Carlton, Jill
AU - Mader, Julia K.
AU - Baumann, Petra Martina
AU - Gomes, Mikel
AU - Martine-Edith, Gilberte
AU - Pollard, Daniel J.
AU - Rath, Dajana
AU - Heller, Simon
AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik
AU - McCrimmon, Rory J.
AU - Renard, Eric
AU - Evans, Mark
AU - de Galan, Bastiaan
AU - Forkmann, Thomas
AU - Amiel, Stephanie A.
AU - Hendrieckx, Christel
AU - Speight, Jane
AU - Choudhary, Pratik
AU - the Hypo-RESOLVE consortium
AU - Pouwer, Frans
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2023 Søholm et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2023/3/1
Y1 - 2023/3/1
N2 - Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and psychometric properties of the Hypo-METRICS (Hypoglycemia MEasurement, ThResholds and ImpaCtS) application (app): a novel tool designed to assess the direct impact of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia on daily functioning in people with insulin-treated diabetes. Materials and methods 100 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, n = 64) or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n = 36) completed three daily 'check-ins' (morning, afternoon and evening) via the Hypo-METRICs app across 10 weeks, to respond to 29 unique questions about their subjective daily functioning. Questions addressed sleep quality, energy level, mood, affect, cognitive functioning, fear of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, social functioning, and work/productivity. Completion rates, structural validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were explored. App responses were correlated with validated person-reported outcome measures to investigate convergent (r s>±0.3) and divergent (r s<±0.3) validity. Results Participants' mean±SD age was 54±16 years, diabetes duration was 23±13 years, and most recent HbA1c was 56.6±9.8 mmol/mol. Participants submitted mean±SD 191±16 out of 210 possible 'check-ins' (91%). Structural validity was confirmed with multi-level confirmatory factor analysis showing good model fit on the adjusted model (Comparative Fit Index >0.95, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation <0.06, Standardized Root-Mean-square Residual<0.08). Scales had satisfactory internal consistency (all ω≥0.5), and high test-retest reliability (r s≥0.7). Convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated for most scales. Conclusion High completion rates and satisfactory psychometric properties demonstrated that the Hypo-METRICS app is acceptable to adults with T1DM and T2DM, and a reliable and valid tool to explore the daily impact of hypoglycemia.
AB - Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and psychometric properties of the Hypo-METRICS (Hypoglycemia MEasurement, ThResholds and ImpaCtS) application (app): a novel tool designed to assess the direct impact of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia on daily functioning in people with insulin-treated diabetes. Materials and methods 100 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, n = 64) or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n = 36) completed three daily 'check-ins' (morning, afternoon and evening) via the Hypo-METRICs app across 10 weeks, to respond to 29 unique questions about their subjective daily functioning. Questions addressed sleep quality, energy level, mood, affect, cognitive functioning, fear of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, social functioning, and work/productivity. Completion rates, structural validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were explored. App responses were correlated with validated person-reported outcome measures to investigate convergent (r s>±0.3) and divergent (r s<±0.3) validity. Results Participants' mean±SD age was 54±16 years, diabetes duration was 23±13 years, and most recent HbA1c was 56.6±9.8 mmol/mol. Participants submitted mean±SD 191±16 out of 210 possible 'check-ins' (91%). Structural validity was confirmed with multi-level confirmatory factor analysis showing good model fit on the adjusted model (Comparative Fit Index >0.95, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation <0.06, Standardized Root-Mean-square Residual<0.08). Scales had satisfactory internal consistency (all ω≥0.5), and high test-retest reliability (r s≥0.7). Convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated for most scales. Conclusion High completion rates and satisfactory psychometric properties demonstrated that the Hypo-METRICS app is acceptable to adults with T1DM and T2DM, and a reliable and valid tool to explore the daily impact of hypoglycemia.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85150350892&origin=inward
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36930585
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283148
DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283148
M3 - Article
C2 - 36930585
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
JO - PLOS ONE
JF - PLOS ONE
IS - 3 March
M1 - e0283148
ER -