TY - JOUR
T1 - Renal Resistive Index
T2 - Response to Shock and its Determinants in Critically Ill Patients
AU - Rozemeijer, Sander
AU - Haitsma Mulier, Jelle L G
AU - Röttgering, Jantine G
AU - Elbers, Paul W G
AU - Spoelstra-de Man, Angélique M E
AU - Tuinman, Pieter Roel
AU - de Waard, Monique C
AU - Oudemans-van Straaten, Heleen M
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Shock is characterised by micro- and macrovascular flow impairment contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI). Routine monitoring of the circulation regards the macrocirculation but not the renal circulation which can be assessed with Doppler ultrasound as renal resistive index (RRI). RRI reflects resistance to flow. High RRI predicts persistent AKI. Study aims were to determine whether RRI is elevated in shock and to identify determinants of RRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included two cohorts of patients, with and without shock <24-h after intensive care admission. Apart from routine monitoring, three study measurements were performed simultaneously: RRI, sublingual microcirculation and bioelectral impedance analysis.RESULTS: 92 patients were included (40 shock, 52 non-shock), median age was 69 [60-76] vs. 67 [59-76], p = 0.541; APACHE III was 87 [65-119] vs. 57 [45-69], p < 0.001. Shock patients had higher RRI than patients without shock (0.751 [0.692-0.788] vs. 0.654 [0.610-0.686], p < 0.001). Overall, high age, APACHE III score, lactate, vasopressor support, pulse pressure index (PPI), central venous pressure (CVP), fluid balance, and low pre-admission estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), creatinine clearance and reactance/m were associated with high RRI at univariable regression (p < 0.01). Microcirculatory markers were not. At multivariable regression, vasopressor support, CVP, PPI and MAP, reactance/m and pre-admission eGFR were independent determinants of RRI (n = 92, Adj.R = 0.587).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with shock have a higher RRI than patients without. Independent determinants of high RRI were pressure indices of the systemic circulation, low membrane capacitance and pre-admission renal dysfunction. Markers of the sublingual microcirculation were not. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.GOV:: NCT02558166.DATE OF REGISTRATION: 22-09-2015, retrospectively registeredThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Shock is characterised by micro- and macrovascular flow impairment contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI). Routine monitoring of the circulation regards the macrocirculation but not the renal circulation which can be assessed with Doppler ultrasound as renal resistive index (RRI). RRI reflects resistance to flow. High RRI predicts persistent AKI. Study aims were to determine whether RRI is elevated in shock and to identify determinants of RRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included two cohorts of patients, with and without shock <24-h after intensive care admission. Apart from routine monitoring, three study measurements were performed simultaneously: RRI, sublingual microcirculation and bioelectral impedance analysis.RESULTS: 92 patients were included (40 shock, 52 non-shock), median age was 69 [60-76] vs. 67 [59-76], p = 0.541; APACHE III was 87 [65-119] vs. 57 [45-69], p < 0.001. Shock patients had higher RRI than patients without shock (0.751 [0.692-0.788] vs. 0.654 [0.610-0.686], p < 0.001). Overall, high age, APACHE III score, lactate, vasopressor support, pulse pressure index (PPI), central venous pressure (CVP), fluid balance, and low pre-admission estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), creatinine clearance and reactance/m were associated with high RRI at univariable regression (p < 0.01). Microcirculatory markers were not. At multivariable regression, vasopressor support, CVP, PPI and MAP, reactance/m and pre-admission eGFR were independent determinants of RRI (n = 92, Adj.R = 0.587).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with shock have a higher RRI than patients without. Independent determinants of high RRI were pressure indices of the systemic circulation, low membrane capacitance and pre-admission renal dysfunction. Markers of the sublingual microcirculation were not. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.GOV:: NCT02558166.DATE OF REGISTRATION: 22-09-2015, retrospectively registeredThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001246
DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001246
M3 - Article
C2 - 30113391
SN - 1073-2322
VL - 52
SP - 43
EP - 51
JO - Shock
JF - Shock
IS - 1
ER -