TY - JOUR
T1 - Repression of MAL tumour suppressor activity by promoter methylation during cervical carcinogenesis
AU - Overmeer, R.M.
AU - Henken, F.E.
AU - Bierkens, M.
AU - Wilting, S.M.
AU - Timmerman, I.
AU - Meijer, C.J.L.M.
AU - Snijders, P.J.F.
AU - Steenbergen, R.D.M.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - We recently identified MAL (T-lymphocyte maturation associated protein) as the most down-regulated gene in cervical oncogenesis. Here, we examined the mechanism underlying MAL silencing, its functional role in cervical carcinogenesis, and the relevance of detecting MAL alterations for risk assessment of hrHPV-positive women. MAL mRNA expression and promoter methylation were analysed in primary keratinocytes, hrHPV-immortalized keratinocytes, cervical cancer cell lines, biopsies, and scrapings by quantitative (methylation-specific) PCR. SiHa cells were transfected with MAL cDNA and assayed for proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth. MAL mRNA was (nearly) undetectable in all HPV-immortalized and cervical cancer cells, but could be up-regulated upon methylation inhibition. MAL promoter methylation at two promoter regions (M1 and M2) was detected in all HPV-immortalized cells and cancer cells. Ectopic expression of MAL in SiHa cells suppressed proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth. None (0/22) of normal cervical biopsies, 9% (6/66) of CIN1 lesions, 53% (34/64) of CIN3 lesions, 90% (85/94) of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 93% (26/28) of cervical adenocarcinomas (AdCAs) demonstrated MAL promoter methylation at both promoter regions. Moreover, detection of MAL promoter methylation in cervical scrapings was predictive for underlying high-grade lesions. Both in biopsies and in scrapings, MAL promoter methylation was significantly correlated with reduced mRNA expression. MAL gene silencing by promoter methylation is a frequent and biologically essential event in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. Hence, MAL promoter methylation and/or mRNA expression analysis on cervical scrapings may provide a valuable diagnostic tool to improve the detection of CIN3, SCC, and AdCA. Copyright (C) 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
AB - We recently identified MAL (T-lymphocyte maturation associated protein) as the most down-regulated gene in cervical oncogenesis. Here, we examined the mechanism underlying MAL silencing, its functional role in cervical carcinogenesis, and the relevance of detecting MAL alterations for risk assessment of hrHPV-positive women. MAL mRNA expression and promoter methylation were analysed in primary keratinocytes, hrHPV-immortalized keratinocytes, cervical cancer cell lines, biopsies, and scrapings by quantitative (methylation-specific) PCR. SiHa cells were transfected with MAL cDNA and assayed for proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth. MAL mRNA was (nearly) undetectable in all HPV-immortalized and cervical cancer cells, but could be up-regulated upon methylation inhibition. MAL promoter methylation at two promoter regions (M1 and M2) was detected in all HPV-immortalized cells and cancer cells. Ectopic expression of MAL in SiHa cells suppressed proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth. None (0/22) of normal cervical biopsies, 9% (6/66) of CIN1 lesions, 53% (34/64) of CIN3 lesions, 90% (85/94) of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 93% (26/28) of cervical adenocarcinomas (AdCAs) demonstrated MAL promoter methylation at both promoter regions. Moreover, detection of MAL promoter methylation in cervical scrapings was predictive for underlying high-grade lesions. Both in biopsies and in scrapings, MAL promoter methylation was significantly correlated with reduced mRNA expression. MAL gene silencing by promoter methylation is a frequent and biologically essential event in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. Hence, MAL promoter methylation and/or mRNA expression analysis on cervical scrapings may provide a valuable diagnostic tool to improve the detection of CIN3, SCC, and AdCA. Copyright (C) 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2598
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2598
M3 - Article
C2 - 19662663
SN - 0022-3417
VL - 219
SP - 327
EP - 336
JO - Journal of pathology
JF - Journal of pathology
IS - 3
ER -