Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Javier Escaned, Nicola Ryan, Hernán Mejía-Rentería, Christopher M. Cook, Hakim-Moulay Dehbi, Eduardo Alegria-Barrero, Ali Alghamdi, Rasha Al-Lamee, John Altman, Alphonse Ambrosia, S. rgio B. Baptista, Maria Bertilsson, Ravinay Bhindi, Mats Birgander, Waldemar Bojara, Salvatore Brugaletta, Christopher Buller, Fredrik Calais, Pedro Canas Silva, J. rg CarlssonEvald H. Christiansen, Mikael Danielewicz, Carlo di Mario, Joon-Hyung Doh, Andrejs Erglis, David Erlinge, Robert T. Gerber, Olaf Going, Ingibjörg Gudmundsdottir, Tobias Härle, Dario Hauer, Farrel Hellig, Ciro Indolfi, Lars Jakobsen, Luc Janssens, Jens Jensen, Allen Jeremias, Amra Kåregren, Ann-Charlotte Karlsson, Rajesh K. Kharbanda, Ahmed Khashaba, Yuetsu Kikuta, Florian Krackhardt, Bon-Kwon Koo, Sasha Koul, Mika Laine, Sam J. Lehman, Pontus Lindroos, Iqbal S. Malik, Michael Maeng, Hitoshi Matsuo, Martijn Meuwissen, Chang-Wook Nam, Giampaolo Niccoli, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Hans Olsson, Sven-Erik Olsson, Elmir Omerovic, Georgios Panayi, Ricardo Petraco, Jan J. Piek, Flavo Ribichini, Habib Samady, Bruce Samuels, Lennart Sandhall, James Sapontis, Sayan Sen, Arnold H. Seto, Murat Sezer, Andrew S. P. Sharp, Eun-Seok Shin, Jasvindar Singh, Hiroaki Takashima, Suneel Talwar, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Kare Tang, Eric van Belle, Niels van Royen, Christoph Varenhorst, Hugo Vinhas, Christiaan J. Vrints, Darren Walters, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Ole Fröbert, Manesh R. Patel, Patrick Serruys, Justin E. Davies, Matthias Götberg

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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Background: Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. Methods: The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. Results: Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p < 0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1437-1449
JournalJACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Volume11
Issue number15
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2018

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