Abstract
OBJECTIVES: First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals.
METHODS: SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination.
RESULTS: 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/10 6 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/10 6 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15,180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13,440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination.
CONCLUSIONS: Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 171-178 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of Infection |
| Volume | 84 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Feb 2022 |
Keywords
- Antibodies, Viral
- BNT162 Vaccine
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
- Prospective Studies
- SARS-CoV-2
- T-Lymphocytes
- Vaccination