TY - JOUR
T1 - SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody dynamics in a Dutch household study with dense sampling frame
AU - The Dutch F. F. X.-COVID-19 Research Group
AU - Han, Wanda G. H.
AU - Swart, Arno
AU - Bonačić Marinović, Axel
AU - Eggink, Dirk
AU - Reimerink, Johan
AU - Wijsman, Lisa A.
AU - van der Veer, Bas
AU - van den Brink, Sharon
AU - van den Brandt, Anne-Marie
AU - van Tol, Sophie
AU - Godeke, Gert-Jan
AU - Brouwer, Fion
AU - Hoogerwerf, Marieke
AU - van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Arianne B.
AU - van der Hoek, Wim
AU - van den Hof, Susan
AU - Meijer, Adam
AU - Reukers, Daphne F. M.
AU - Reusken, Chantal
AU - Roof, Inge
AU - Rots, Nynke
AU - Reukers, Daphne F. M.
AU - Rots, Nynke
AU - Reusken, Chantal
AU - Meijer, Adam
N1 - Funding Information: We thank the Public Health Service Utrecht for assistance in the recruitment of households. We thank Alper Çevirgel, Anneke Westerhof, Anoek Backx, Elma Smeets-Roelofs, Elsa Porter, Elske Bijvank, Francoise van Heiningen, Gabriel Goderski, Harry van Dijken, Helma Lith, Hinke ten Hulscher, Ilse Akkerman, Ilse Schinkel, Jeroen Hoeboer, Jolanda Kool, Josine van Beek, Joyce Greeber, Kim Freriks, Lidian Izeboud, Lisa Beckers, Liza Tymchenko, Maarten Emmelot, Maarten Vos, Margriet Bisschoff, Marit de Lange, Marit Middeldorp, Marjan Bogaard, Marjan Kuijer, Martien Poelen, Nening Nanlohy, Olga de Bruin, Rogier Bodewes, Ruben Wiegmans, Sakinie Misiedjan, Saskia de Goede, Titia Kortbeek, and Yolanda van Weert for assistance in logistics and laboratory analyses. We thank Bettie Voordouw for critical review of manuscript. Funding Information: This study was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport (VWS). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12/1
Y1 - 2022/12/1
N2 - This study investigated the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and diagnostics in 242 household members of different ages and with different symptom severity after SARS-CoV-2 exposure early in the pandemic (March–April 2020). Households with a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed positive case and at least one child in the Netherlands were followed for 6 weeks. Naso (NP)- and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, oral fluid and feces specimens were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serum for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. The dynamics of the presence of viral RNA and the serological response was modeled to determine the sampling time-frame and sample type with the highest sensitivity to confirm or reject a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. In children higher viral loads compared to adults were detected at symptom onset. Early in infection, higher viral loads were detected in NP and OP specimens, while RNA in especially feces were longer detectable. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies have 90% probability of detection from 7 days (total Ig) and 18 days (IgG) since symptom onset. For highest probability of detection in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics early in infection, RT-PCR on NP and OP specimens are more sensitive than on oral fluid and feces. For SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics late after infection, RT-PCR on feces specimens and serology are more valuable.
AB - This study investigated the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and diagnostics in 242 household members of different ages and with different symptom severity after SARS-CoV-2 exposure early in the pandemic (March–April 2020). Households with a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed positive case and at least one child in the Netherlands were followed for 6 weeks. Naso (NP)- and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs, oral fluid and feces specimens were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serum for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. The dynamics of the presence of viral RNA and the serological response was modeled to determine the sampling time-frame and sample type with the highest sensitivity to confirm or reject a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. In children higher viral loads compared to adults were detected at symptom onset. Early in infection, higher viral loads were detected in NP and OP specimens, while RNA in especially feces were longer detectable. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies have 90% probability of detection from 7 days (total Ig) and 18 days (IgG) since symptom onset. For highest probability of detection in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics early in infection, RT-PCR on NP and OP specimens are more sensitive than on oral fluid and feces. For SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics late after infection, RT-PCR on feces specimens and serology are more valuable.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130050914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11480-6
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11480-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 35562380
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
JO - Scientific reports
JF - Scientific reports
IS - 1
M1 - 7937
ER -