TY - JOUR
T1 - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Boosts Neutralizing Activity Against Seasonal Human Coronaviruses
AU - Lawrenz, Jan
AU - Xie, Qinya
AU - Zech, Fabian
AU - Weil, Tatjana
AU - Seidel, Alina
AU - Krnavek, Daniela
AU - van der Hoek, Lia
AU - Münch, Jan
AU - Müller, Janis A
AU - Kirchhoff, Frank
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101003555 (Fight-nCoV) to J. M., the German Research Foundation (CRC 1279) to F. K. and an individual research grant by the German Research Foundation to J. A. M. (MU 4485/1-1), the "Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung" (BMBF) to F. K. (Restrict SARS-CoV-2), and an individual research grant by the German Research Foundation to J.A.M. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).
PY - 2022/7/1
Y1 - 2022/7/1
N2 - Background: Most of the millions of people that are vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have previously been infected by related circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs) causing common colds and will experience further encounters with these viruses in the future. Whether COVID-19 vaccinations impact neutralization of seasonal coronaviruses is largely unknown. Methods: We analyzed the capacity of sera derived from 24 individuals before and after heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination to neutralize genuine OC43, NL63, and 229E hCoVs, as well as viral pseudoparticles carrying the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E spike proteins. Genuine hCoVs or spike containing pseudovirions were incubated with different concentrations of sera and neutralization efficiencies were determined by measuring viral RNA yields, intracellular viral nucleocapsid expression, or reporter gene expression in Huh-7 cells. Results: All individuals showed strong preexisting immunity against hCoV-OC43. Neutralization of hCoV-NL63 was more variable and all sera showed only modest inhibitory activity against genuine hCoV-229E. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination resulted in efficient cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-1 but not of MERS-CoV. On average, vaccination significantly increased the neutralizing activity against genuine hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E. Conclusions: Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination may confer some cross-protection against endemic seasonal coronaviruses.
AB - Background: Most of the millions of people that are vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have previously been infected by related circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs) causing common colds and will experience further encounters with these viruses in the future. Whether COVID-19 vaccinations impact neutralization of seasonal coronaviruses is largely unknown. Methods: We analyzed the capacity of sera derived from 24 individuals before and after heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination to neutralize genuine OC43, NL63, and 229E hCoVs, as well as viral pseudoparticles carrying the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E spike proteins. Genuine hCoVs or spike containing pseudovirions were incubated with different concentrations of sera and neutralization efficiencies were determined by measuring viral RNA yields, intracellular viral nucleocapsid expression, or reporter gene expression in Huh-7 cells. Results: All individuals showed strong preexisting immunity against hCoV-OC43. Neutralization of hCoV-NL63 was more variable and all sera showed only modest inhibitory activity against genuine hCoV-229E. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination resulted in efficient cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-1 but not of MERS-CoV. On average, vaccination significantly increased the neutralizing activity against genuine hCoV-OC43, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-229E. Conclusions: Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination may confer some cross-protection against endemic seasonal coronaviruses.
KW - COVID-19 vaccination
KW - cross-neutralization
KW - seasonal coronaviruses
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129701121&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac057
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac057
M3 - Article
C2 - 35079775
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 75
SP - E653-E661
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
IS - 1
ER -