TY - JOUR
T1 - Semantic adaptation of the Global Psychotrauma Screen for children and adolescents in the United States
AU - Grace, Emma
AU - Sotilleo, Shanelle
AU - Rogers, Rosalind
AU - Doe, Renee
AU - Olff, Miranda
N1 - Funding Information: This publication is supported by TCSPP under Faculty Internationalization Grant awarded to Emma Grace. We thank TCSPP International Psychology Ph.D. Program students and graduates who served as the GPS-EC reviewers: Kacy Barker, Veronica Brown, Shannon Goodhue, Hanan Elbakry, Vanessa Senatus, Ana Sierra, and Ghislaine Toussaint-Green. We greatly appreciate our GPS-SC participants: children, adolescents, and their parents, who gave us invaluable feedback on the GPS-C and GPS-T. We thank Atle Dyregrov (Norway), Nancy Kassam-Adams (USA), Ren?e Beer and Anne Bakker (The Netherlands) for the review and feedback on the GPS-C. Special thanks to Cindie Zhou at TCSPP Office of International Programs and Services for supporting this project. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: The review of trauma screening tools for children and adolescents indicates a need for developmentally and linguistically appropriate, globally applicable, free, and easily accessible trauma screening instruments. Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) for children and adolescents in the United States. Method: Using the modified Delphi method, this study included the GPS Expert Consensus (GPS-EC) and the GPS Stakeholder Consensus (GPS-SC) substudies. In the GPS-EC, ten reviewers who specialize in trauma services independently revised the GPS child and adolescent versions in four rounds. In the GPS-SC, a stratified minimum sample of children and adolescents (n = 24) and their parents (n = 24) were interviewed to collect feedback on the revised GPS versions. Results: In the GPS-EC Round 1, a low level of consensus was observed on the anxiety (restlessness) and depression (loss of interest) items. In Round 2, a high level of consensus was achieved on all but PTSD hypervigilance and detachment, and CPTSD self-concept items. Round 3 indicated a low level of consensus on the exposure and functioning items. Full consensus was achieved in Round 4 on all items. In the GPS-SC, children had more difficulties than adolescents with the exposure, dissociation, and risk-protection items. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the semantic adaptation process concluded with implementation of six decisions on the final GPS versions for children and adolescents: adding a non-binary gender choice for adolescents; removing the exposure section; using a full-sentence structure for children and a phrase structure for adolescents; retaining the two-part items on PTSD intrusion and avoidance, retaining self-blame but removing other-blame in the PTSD-blame item; providing specific descriptions of depersonalization and derealization in the dissociation items; and removing risk-protection and functioning items for children.
AB - Background: The review of trauma screening tools for children and adolescents indicates a need for developmentally and linguistically appropriate, globally applicable, free, and easily accessible trauma screening instruments. Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) for children and adolescents in the United States. Method: Using the modified Delphi method, this study included the GPS Expert Consensus (GPS-EC) and the GPS Stakeholder Consensus (GPS-SC) substudies. In the GPS-EC, ten reviewers who specialize in trauma services independently revised the GPS child and adolescent versions in four rounds. In the GPS-SC, a stratified minimum sample of children and adolescents (n = 24) and their parents (n = 24) were interviewed to collect feedback on the revised GPS versions. Results: In the GPS-EC Round 1, a low level of consensus was observed on the anxiety (restlessness) and depression (loss of interest) items. In Round 2, a high level of consensus was achieved on all but PTSD hypervigilance and detachment, and CPTSD self-concept items. Round 3 indicated a low level of consensus on the exposure and functioning items. Full consensus was achieved in Round 4 on all items. In the GPS-SC, children had more difficulties than adolescents with the exposure, dissociation, and risk-protection items. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the semantic adaptation process concluded with implementation of six decisions on the final GPS versions for children and adolescents: adding a non-binary gender choice for adolescents; removing the exposure section; using a full-sentence structure for children and a phrase structure for adolescents; retaining the two-part items on PTSD intrusion and avoidance, retaining self-blame but removing other-blame in the PTSD-blame item; providing specific descriptions of depersonalization and derealization in the dissociation items; and removing risk-protection and functioning items for children.
KW - Delphi method
KW - Global Psychotrauma Screen
KW - adolescent
KW - child
KW - semantic adaptation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107223180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1911080
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1911080
M3 - Article
C2 - 34104348
SN - 2000-8198
VL - 12
JO - European journal of psychotraumatology
JF - European journal of psychotraumatology
IS - 1
M1 - 1911080
ER -